Standards for the academic veterinary medical library.

The Standards Committee of the Veterinary Medical Libraries Section was appointed in May 2000 and charged to create standards for the ideal academic veterinary medical library, written from the perspective of veterinary medical librarians. The resulting Standards for the Academic Veterinary Medical Library were approved by members of the Veterinary Medical Libraries Section during MLA '03 in San Diego, California. The standards were approved by Section Council in April 2005 and received final approval from the Board of Directors of the Medical Library Association during MLA '04 in Washington, DC.     

产业政策与竞争政策的关系与协调 ——日本汽车产业案例研究

产业政策和竞争政策作为资源配置的两种方式,受到广泛关注.在探讨产业政策和竞争政策关系的基础上,以日本汽车产业为案例,分析竞争政策与产业政策的发展关系.在阐述日本汽车产业政策与竞争政策变迁的基础上,结合我国情况提出了建议.     

Infant temperament and subject loss due to crying during operant conditioning

Infants who failed to complete a 2-day operant-conditioning task were compared with a stratified random sample of those who did on measures of infant temperament and several demographic characteristics. A discriminant-function analysis revealed that female infants who cried differed from female infants who did not cry on measures of duration of orienting and latency to approach sudden or novel stimuli. Reliable prediction of crying and noncrying could not, however, be made for males. No sex differences emerged in the incidence of crying or in the number of sessions completed. Partially successful females (i.e., those completing 1 of the 2 sessions) could reliably be discriminated from those who cried during the first session on measures of age at testing and maternal ratings of smiling behavior. The results of this study suggest that, as with habituation studies, subject loss in operant-conditioning studies is influenced by individual differences among the infants which may or may not adversely affect external validity.     

时滞动态网络自适应同步的研究

研究了节点带有时滞且节点之间的通信也带有时滞的复杂动态网络的自适应同步问题。基于稳定性理论,设计了复杂网络同步的自适应控制器。该控制器结构简单,易于应用。最后,以环状耦合的时滞Lorenz系统为例进行数值仿真,检验了结果的正确性和设计方法的有效性。     

Auditory Context and Memory Retrieval in Young Infants

Three-month-old infants were trained to move an overhead crib mobile while 1 of 2 musical selections was played. Retention was assessed 1 or 7 days later in the presence of either the same music or a different musical selection. in Experiment 1, the musical selections were very different (classical versus jazz); in Experiment 2, they were much more similar (two classical pieces). Infants in both experiments displayed 1 day retention regardless of wich music was played during the retention test. At 7 days, retention was seen only when the music played during the retention test matched the training music. These data are consistent with similar findings showing that 3-month-old infants'memory is disrupted at long retention intervals when the context present during retention testing does not match the learning context. As the infant's memory wanes, context appears to function as a necessary cue for the retrieval of acquired expectancies.     

Noncontingent stimulation, stimulus familiarization, and subsequent learning in young infants

2 experiments assessed the effects of prior noncontingent or familiarization experience on subsequent operant conditioning (kick-produced mobile movement) in young infants. In Experiment 1, infants received either long- or short-term noncontingent exposure to their own rotating mobile or simply viewed this mobile for several days while it remained motionless. In Experiment 2, long-term exposure was provided by the same novel mobile used for subsequent training. In both experiments, prior noncontingent experience did not interfere with subsequent conditioning. In Experiment 2, however, simple long-term familiarization with the training mobile precluded "evidence" of learning. The results indicated that infants develop expectancies regarding how stimuli occurring in particular contexts should behave based on their prior experiences with these stimuli.     

Selective habituation of defensive behavior: Evidence for predator-prey synchrony

The selective nocturnal persistence of death feigning, an antipredator behavior, was assessed in four studies involving single daily trials. In Experiments 1 and 2, White Leghorn chicks exhibited a progressive decline in death feigning durations in both the light and the dark phases of their photoperiods over 8 days, but resistance to habituation was greater at night. When nocturnal death feigning was induced to a habituation criterion (Experiment 3), it was extremely persistent and was not completely abolished in some chicks, even after 25 consecutive test days. Because nocturnal response durations of chicks tested cross-sectionally increased over the same developmental period (Experiment 4), a shifting developmental baseline was excluded as the basis for the declining response durations observed in the first three studies. The differential plasticity of death feigning at two times of day is consistent with the argument that predatorprey synchrony confers a selective advantage, and suggests an additional biological constraint on learning.     

期货混沌理论的定量研究（Ⅲ）：价位走向趋势的定量分析

按照期货的奇次方混沌理论，分析方程各项系数对图形走势的影响发现，散户难以发动上涨行情。大户发动的增仓上涨行情，是整个期货的主要表现形态；而减仓的下降行情，不过是大户的平仓和上涨行情的回挡。从总体上看，做多头的成功的机率要多于空头；盈利主要在多头市场的上涨行情中完成的。