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1.
In 2004 the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science set a concrete target: by 2010, close to 50% of the age cohort should participate in higher education, following the targets set in the UK and Sweden. However clear the target is set, the ways to achieve it are far less specified. In the article a number of possible instruments to achieve the target are discussed and their relevance in the Dutch context is analysed. It is concluded that there are a limited number of policy instruments available. However, given the devolution of access policy to the higher education institutions and the influence of broader societal trends on participation our expectations on what government can do to reach its target need to be modest. 相似文献
2.
It is widely assumed that there is an eccentric hamstring muscle fibre action during the swing phase of high-speed running. However, animal and modelling studies in humans show that the increasing distance between musculotendinous attachment points during forward swing is primarily due to passive lengthening associated with the take-up of muscle slack. Later in the swing phase, the contractile element (CE) maintains a near isometric action while the series elastic (tendinous) element first stretches as the knee extends, and then recoils causing the swing leg to forcefully retract prior to ground contact. Although modelling studies showed some active lengthening of the contractile (muscular) element during the mid-swing phase of high-speed running, we argue that the increasing distance between the attachment points should not be interpreted as an eccentric action of the CE due to the effects of muscle slack. Therefore, there may actually be no significant eccentric, but rather predominantly an isometric action of the hamstrings CE during the swing phase of high-speed running when the attachment points of the hamstrings are moving apart. Based on this, we propose that isometric rather than eccentric exercises are a more specific way of conditioning the hamstrings for high-speed running. 相似文献
3.
4.
Recently, there has been a heavy debate in the US about the government’s use of data mining in its fight against terrorism.
Privacy concerns in fact led the Congress to terminate the funding of TIA, a program for advanced information technology to
be used in the combat of terrorism. The arguments put forward in this debate, more specifically those found in the main report
and minority report by the TAPAC established by the Secretary of Defense to examine the TIA issue, will be analysed to trace
the deeper roots of this controversy. This analysis will in turn be used as a test case to examine the adequacy of the usual
theoretical frameworks for these kinds of issues, in particular the notion of privacy. Whereas the dominant theoretical framing
of the notion of privacy turns around access to information, most of the core arguments in the debate do not fit in this kind of framework. The basic disagreements in
the controversy are not about mere access, they involve both access and use. Furthermore, whereas the issue of access by itself refers to a more or less static situation, the real disagreements much
more concern the organisational dynamics of the use of information, the mechanisms in the organisation that control these
dynamics, and the awareness present within the organisation of the ‘social risks’ these dynamics represent. The bottom line
question is whether the assessment of these gives sufficient reason for trust. 相似文献
5.
Frans van Vught 《Tertiary Education and Management》2013,19(4):347-354
Abstract Burton Clark, in Creating Entrepreneurial Universities, defined the characteristics of what he named ‘innovative universities’. The paper considers these characteristics ‐ particularly such universities' willingness to adapt to changing environments and how they seek to do so. It identifies the challenges facing universities and considers why universities need to adapt their research, teaching and learning, and knowledge transfer. Innovative universities do seek to escape history — they adapt to change. 相似文献
6.
Theo van der Zee Chris Hermans Cor Aarnoutse 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2013,19(3):271-293
So far scholars have researched beliefs about knowledge, knowing, and learning mainly in the areas of science and mathematics and among secondary school students. In this article, we explore primary school students' metacognitive beliefs about religious education. The article reports on a study involving 656 fifth- and sixth-grade students. We investigated their metacognitive beliefs, how these beliefs interrelate, and which students agree with which beliefs. In the minds of young students 7 categories are discernible: realistic learning, the transformative power of religion, social learning, intrinsic task value motivation, learning satisfaction motivation, the teacher's empathic orientation to learning, and the teacher's respect for students' contributions. These categories and their interrelationships open up new perspectives for the construction of a metacognitive beliefs system and for an interconnected network of beliefs across domains. We also outline implications for religious education in schools. 相似文献
7.
Frans J. Oort 《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(3):383-396
In exploratory or unrestricted factor analysis, all factor loadings are free to be estimated. In oblique solutions, the correlations between common factors are free to be estimated as well. The purpose of this article is to show how likelihood-based confidence intervals can be obtained for rotated factor loadings and factor correlations, by applying maximum likelihood factor analysis subject to scaling and rotation constraints. As an illustrative example, an oblique 5-factor model will be fitted to the variance-covariance matrix of the 30 personality facets measured by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and confidence intervals will be estimated for all factor loadings and factor correlations, as well as for the associated reliability and validity coefficients. 相似文献
8.
Metacognition, achievement goals, study strategies and academic achievement: pathways to achievement 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The purpose of this research was to develop and test a model of effective self-regulated learning. Based on effort expenditure
we discerned effective self-regulators and less effective self-regulators. The model comprised achievement goals (mastery,
performance-approach and -avoidance goals), metacognition (metacognitive knowledge, regulation and experience), study strategies
(metacognitive, deep cognitive, surface cognitive and resource management strategies) and academic achievement. The relationships
in the model were tested with controlling for intellectual ability, gender and age. The results showed that effective self-regulated
learning involved two pathways: a metacognitive and a strategy pathway. The first pathway involved a positive relationship
of mastery goals and a negative relationship of performance-avoidance goals with metacognition. Metacognition positively affected
the use of the four study strategies. The strategy pathway involved positive effects of mastery and performance-approach goals
on the use of metacognitive and deep cognitive strategies. Further, performance-approach goals positively affected the use
of surface cognitive and resource management strategies. The use of metacognitive and resource management strategies had a
positive and the use of surface cognitive strategies had a negative effect on exam scores. 相似文献
9.
Paul Kirschner Marthie Meester Evert Middelbeek Henry Hermans 《Distance Education》1993,14(2):260-282
This study is designed to determine whether, and to what extent, the perceived importance of objectives of undergraduate practicals in the Natural Sciences is dependent upon the type of institute at which practicals are given. The two dimensions used in this research to discriminate between types of institutes are type of education offered (face‐to‐face versus correspondence) and type of programme offered (monodisciplinary versus interdisciplinary). For this reason, distance universities throughout the world (DUs) and more traditional, residential universities (RUs) in The Netherlands were compared. Special attention has been paid to the Open university of The Netherlands (OuN). The results show that RUs and DUs approach practicals in a very similar manner with both of them differing in a number of respects with the OuN. Implications of this research for the use of practicals in a curriculum in the Natural Sciences are presented. 相似文献
10.
Reconciliation, defined as a friendly reunion between former opponents shortly after an aggressive encounter, is common in the stumptail macaque (Macaca arctoides) but rare in the rhesus macaque (M. mulatta). Juveniles of the two species were cohoused for 5 months, after which they were observed with conspecifics only. Control rhesus monkeys, matched in age and sex to the experimental subjects, went through the same procedure without exposure to the other species. A threefold increase in the proportion of reconciled fights was measured in the rhesus subjects. The difference emerged gradually during cohousing with the tutor species and was sustained following removal of this species. Other behavior, such as grooming and aggression, decreased over time. It is suggested that the social attitude of the subjects was affected through contact with a species characterized by a more relaxed dominance style. 相似文献