Perceived health problems in swimmers according to the chemical treatment of water in swimming pools

The objective of this study was to determine which chemical treatment used for disinfecting water in indoor swimming pools had the least impact on users' perceptions of health problems, and which generated the greatest satisfaction with the quality of the water. A survey on satisfaction and perceived health problems was given to 1001 users at 20 indoor swimming pools which used different water treatment methods [chlorine, bromine, ozone, ultraviolet lamps (UV) and salt electrolysis]. The findings suggest that there is a greater probability of perceived health problems, such as eye and skin irritation, respiratory problems and skin dryness, in swimming pools treated with chlorine than in swimming pools using other chemical treatment methods. Pools treated with bromine have similar, although slightly better, results. Other factors, such as age, gender, time of day of use (morning and afternoon) and type of user (competitive and recreational), can also affect the probability of suffering health problems. For all of the above, using combined treatment methods as ozone and UV, or salt electrolysis produces a lower probability of perceived health problems and greater satisfaction.     

社会主义市场经济与道德建设

在社会主义市场经济体制建立过程中,市场经济的发展与社会主义道德体系的建立二者之间是辩证的关系,道德建设对社会政治经济发展具有巨大的能动作用,二者相辅相成.     

试析网络时代的学校德育

人类已进入信息网络时代 ,上网成了青年学生的一项重要活动和爱好 ,也给学校德育带来了新的机遇和挑战 ,网络德育已成为学校德育工作者的新课题。     

女性主义伦理学视野下道德教育的性别和谐

女性主义伦理学研究表明,道德是有“性别”之分的,男女两性在道德价值重心、思维方式和发展方式上均有差异。但道德教育理论和实践中客观存在的性别歧视,导致道德教育的性别失衡和性别冲突,从而限制了道德教育的发展。实现道德教育的性别和谐应该消除性别歧视,重新定义道德和有道德的人,使道德教育的核心概念包容女性气质。在此基础上,重建道德教育大厦,使其矗立于理性和情感的根基之上。     

加强实习基地建设拓宽高校毕业生就业渠道

我国高校毕业生人数的激增迫切需要开拓高校毕业生就业新渠道,就业实习基地的建立为毕业生和用人单位搭建了交流和沟通的平台。武汉地区“教育部直属高校毕业研究生就业工作协作组”与温州人事局共同组建的“研究生温州实习基地”采取了高校联盟与人事局强强联合的组织形式,对开拓就业新渠道进行了积极的探索。     

Emotions’ management within the Real Madrid football club business model

Recent changes in the sports industry – derived from increasing financial pressures – have led to the update of existing business models. Particularly in football, the dominant clubs develop new business models based on the spectators’ commitment to the sport. Packed stadiums attract more people who consume both the matches and the many other associated goods and services. In an experience economy, the lever is the tapping of their emotions by an increasingly sophisticated value proposal. Groups of passionate supporters lead the way to the establishment of communities with a common interest in the club. Following a qualitative methodology (interviews and other texts’ analysis) our study of the Real Madrid Football Club (RM) business model suggests that one of the biggest football clubs in the world is creating a business model based on the emotions of its supporters. This finding could be useful for other clubs in many different countries.     

Role of objectively measured sedentary behaviour in physical performance,frailty and mortality among older adults: A short systematic review

Sedentary behaviour (SB) has recently emerged as an independent risk factor for different health outcomes. Older adults accumulate long time in SB. Understanding the role that SB plays on health is crucial for a successful aging. This short systematic review summarizes the current evidence related to the effects of objectively measured SB on frailty, physical performance and mortality in adults ≥60?years old. The literature search produced 271 records for physical performance (n?=?119), frailty (n?=?31), and mortality (n?=?121). Finally, only 13 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. All articles but one included in the physical performance section (n?=?9) showed a negative association between longer time spent in SB and physical performance. A significant association of SB with higher odds of frailty was found, however this association disappeared after adjusting for cognitive status. Lastly, two of the three included studies showed positive associations between SB and mortality, but this effect decreased or even disappeared in the more adjusted models. In conclusion, there is consistency that SB is negatively associated with physical performance. However, the relationship between objectively measured SB and frailty incidence and mortality rates remains unclear and deserves further research. The use of homogenous criteria to assess SB and the inclusion of more robust research designs will help clarifying the independent effects that SB could have on physical performance, frailty, and mortality. This will ultimately help designing more efficient and comprehensive physical activity guidelines for older adults.