Automatische und interaktive Stundenplanung

Zusammenfassung. Das System fur die interaktive, automatische Stundenplanung ist im Rahmen der Forschungsarbeiten des Bereichs Planungstechnik und Deklarative Programmierung in Fraunhofer FIRST zur Erweiterung der Constraint-basierten Programmierung entwickelt worden. Mit dem System wird die Stundenplanung der Medizinischen Fakultat Charité seit dem Sommersemester 1998 vorgenommen. Seitdem wurde das System kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Der erfolgreiche Einsatz des Systems zeigte, dass die gewahlten Methoden und Verfahren sehr geeignet fur die Behandlung derartiger Probleme sind. Die Vorteile einer kombinierten interaktiven und automatischen Stundenplanerzeugung konnten eindeutig nachgewiesen werden.CR Subject Classification: I.2.8, I.2.3, J.1, K.3.2, D.3.3, D.1.6Eingegangen am 15. März 2003 / Angenommen am 9. März 2004, Online publiziert: 1. Juli 2004     

Influence of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate application,smear layer removal,and storage time on resin-dentin bonding

The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of Tooth Mousse (TM) application, smear layer removal, and storage time on resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Dentin specimens were divided into two groups: (1) smear layer covered; (2) smear layer removed using 15% EDTA for 90 s. In each group, half the specimens were treated once with TM for 60 min. After bonding procedures using a two-step self-etching adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond (CSE); Kuraray Medical, Tokyo, Japan), an all-in-one adhesive (G-Bond (GB); GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan), and a total-etch adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2 (SB); 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), the specimens were stored for 3 d or 6 months in deionized water at 37 °C, and μTBS was tested and analyzed. With the exception of SB (no TM application) and GB, the μTBS was significantly increased for CSE and SB using EDTA pre-conditioning and 3 d of storage (P≤0.001). Bond strength of GB decreased significantly when using EDTA (3 d storage, P<0.05). TM application only increased the μTBS of GB (no EDTA) and SB (with EDTA) after 3 d (P≤0.02). Comparing the adhesives after 3 d of storage, CSE exhibited the greatest μTBS values followed by GB and SB (P≤0.02). The factors of adhesive, EDTA, and TM did not show any significant impact on μTBS when specimens were stored for 6 months (P>0.05). The additional application of TM and EDTA for cavity preparation seems only to have a short-term effect, and no influence on μTBS of dentin bonds after a period of 6 months.     

Personality Traits Are Associated With Cortical Development Across Adolescence: A Longitudinal Structural MRI Study

How personality traits relate to structural brain changes in development is an important but understudied question. In this study, cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA), estimated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were investigated in 99 participants aged 8–19 years. Follow‐up MRI data were collected after on average 2.6 years for 74 individuals. The Big Five personality traits were related to longitudinal regional CT or SA development, but limited cross‐sectional relations were observed. Conscientiousness, emotional stability, and imagination were associated with more age‐expected cortical thinning over time. The results suggest that the substantial individual variability observed in personality traits may partly be explained by cortical maturation across adolescence, implying a developmental origin for personality–brain relations observed in adults.     

Planungstechnik und Deklarative Programmierung

Zusammenfassung.   Im Bereich Planungstechnik und Deklarative Programmierung des GMD-Instituts für Rechnerarchitektur und Softwaretechnik (FIRST) werden Forschungen zur Weiterentwicklung von Methoden der Constraint-Logischen Programmierung und von Verfahren der Künstlichen Intelligenz durchgeführt sowie Anwendungen der entwickelten Methodiken für die Planung, Konfiguration und Simulation von Problemen in der Produktion und Logistik untersucht.     

Spike jump biomechanics in male versus female elite volleyball players

ABSTRACT

There are well-known biological differences between women and men, especially in technical-coordinative variations that contribute to sex differences in performance of complex movements like the most important offensive action in volleyball, the spike jump. The aim of this study was to investigate sex-dependent performance and biomechanical characteristics in the volleyball spike jump. Thirty female and male sub-elite volleyball players were analysed while striking a stationary ball with maximal spike jump height. Twelve MX13 Vicon cameras with a cluster marker set, two AMTI force plates, surface EMG, and a Full-Body 3D model in Visual3D were used. Main findings include sex differences (P< .05) in jump height (pη² = .73), approach [speed (pη² = .61), step length], transition strategy [plant angle, neuromuscular activation (pη² = .91), horizontal force maxima and impulses], acceleration distances [centre of mass displacement (pη² = .21), minimal knee and hip angles], use of torso and arms [incline, angular velocity (pη² = .23)]. Correlations support that the results cannot be explained fully by strength and power differences between sexes but represent the product of technical-coordinative variations. Their relevance is acknowledged for both sexes and numerous performance determinants displayed sex differences. The integration of such attributes into sex-specific training seems promising but its effect requires further investigation.     

Sprachdiagnostische Grundlagen für die Förderung bildungssprachlicher Fähigkeiten

The present article takes up the discussion about the interrelatedness of linguistic proficiency and educational achievement among children learning German as a second language. We provide an overview of diagnostic procedures for linguistic needs analysis, which were developed in the context of the German research program ‘FÖRMIG’. Linguistic features of school-based registers as well as the cognitive representation of academic language proficiency among bilinguals will first be addressed as the most relevant dimensions in the assessment of academic language proficiency. Finally, based on the concept of linguistic core-proficiencies after Ehlich, each of the four procedures is characterized with reference to its particular scope of identifiable aspects of academic language proficiency. Thereby it becomes evident that the procedures reflect age-specific language demands of school: Whereas the focus of assessment is first located on central aspects of grammatical and lexical knowledge as fundamental premises of schooling, the field of attention—with increasing age of the children—shifts more and more towards performance in technical language and certain text-types indicating academic language proficiency.     

Search strategies as indicators of functional thinking

This paper presents an investigation into the development of functional thinking. Search strategies used for solving a problem reveal different stages towards the discovery of the monotonic property, which correspond to stages of proportional reasoning found by Piaget. The dependence between stage and age is confirmed by the results.     

Bilinguale Alphabetisierung und die Entwicklung von Textkompetenz — am Beispiel einer portugiesisch-deutschen Klasse im zweiten Schuljahr

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag stellt eine Untersuchung zu den Schreibkompetenzen von 24 Zweitkl?sslern einer bilingualen Grundschulklasse mit den Unterrichtssprachen Deutsch und Portugiesisch vor, die die Differenziertheit, Komplexit?t und Koh?renz von Texten als Indikatoren für sich entwickelnde Literalit?t in den Mittelpunkt rückt. Die Ergebnisse erweisen, dass die Kinder in der Schriftkultur über die Alphabetisierung hinaus angekommen sind und Texte verfassen, die Gestaltungsprinzipien der Schriftkultur erkennen lassen. Für das Deutsche kann kein Zusammenhang zwischen den sprachlichen Eingangsvorausse tzungen bei Schuleintritt und den untersuchten Teilkompetenzen festgestellt werden; im Portugiesischen hingegen l?sst sich ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den bereits mit Kenntnissen in dieser Sprache eingeschulten Kindern und denen, die diese Sprache im Rahmen des bilingualen Modells erst erwerben, erkennen.

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Summary Bilingual alphabetisation and the growth of textual skills exemplified by a second grade Portuguese-German class This article presents an examination of the writing skills of 24 second grade pupils, who are taught bilingually in Portuguese and German at a primary school. The examination focused on categories like distinction, complexity and coherence of texts as indicators for the growth of literacy. The children’s ability to compose texts revealeed that they had reached literacy beyond alphabetization. Concerning German there seems to be no connection between the linguistic preconditions of the pupils at the beginning of term and the examined categories mentioned above; but regarding Portuguese there was a significant difference between those children sent to school with lingual knowledge in Portuguese and those who started to learn it within the framework of the bilingual model.