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Hooded rats received five 1-sec shock presentations of 0.3, 0.5, or 1.0 mA. Activity measures recorded during each 30-sec intershock interval and at various retention intervals (.10, 2.5, and 24 h) following footshock (FS) indicated that (a) 5 sec after FS activity is directly related to shock intensity, while 10–30 sec following FS activity is inversely related to shock intensity; (b) the rate of decline in activity following FS increases with successive shock presentations; (c) activity is greater 10 h after FS than at a 2.5- or 24-h retention interval; and finally (d) shock compartment confinement increased activity and resulted in a substantial alteration in the form of retention curve in the 0.3-mA group but had lesser effects upon the retention curves of the 0.5- and 1.0-mA groups. The data were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that the “incubation effect” is a result of a decline of the activating effects of FS. 相似文献
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The present study investigated effects of a token program for one child on the behavior of other children in the class. Three nursery school children, sitting at adjacent desks, were observed under five conditions. In Baseline I and Reinforcement I the rewarded child sat between the two unrewarded children. In Baseline II, Reinforcement II and Baseline III the rewarded child sat on the end, and the two unrewarded children alternated at the middle desk. The rewarded child received tokens for attending behavior in the Reinforcement conditions. The teacher's behavior was carefully controlled. Results were: (a) The rewarded child's attending increased in the Reinforcement conditions; (b) The unrewarded children's attending increased in Reinforcement I but remained at baseline in Reinforcement II; (c) Both unrewarded children attended better when seated at the center desk in Reinforcement II; (d) No disturbing effects were found in the behavior of unrewarded children. 相似文献
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