Discursive strategies and learning of the school language: an ethnographic study in a classroom with high ethnic and linguistic diversity / Estrategias discursivas y aprendizaje de la lengua escolar: un estudio etnográfico en un aula de alta diversidad étnica y lingüística

Abstract

Research on the dialogic and intersubjective nature of children’s learning has emphasised the study of educational discourse and the semiotic mechanisms involved in understanding the students’ constructive activity. These studies have been carried out in classrooms where there was continuity between the language of instruction and the students’ first language. However, the number of classrooms in which students have an initial language which is not the language of instruction is increasing. This article analyses the educational discourse in a multilingual classroom when the teacher interacts with seven students in a teaching unit about language. The study uses interactional ethnography. The results show the use of teacher inquiry into the students’ beliefs about the task and the semiotic procedures used to construct a shared intersubjective framework. The discussion emphasises the similarity of some of these procedures with those used in the family in the initial stages of language acquisition, as well as the variations which the teacher uses of the social and specific framework of reference.     

Adquisición y desarrollo del lenguaje en bilingües familiares: primeros datos de una investigación

Resumen

Este trabajo versa sobre la adquisición del lenguaje en bilingües familiares. Los datos que se aportan se refieren al léxico de uno de los sujetos de la investigación que se ve recogido en sesiones de 30' grabadas en magnetoscopio, cada 2 semanas aproximadamente, a partir de los 6 hasta los 24 meses de edad. Los resultados concuerdan con los de investigaciones precedentes, donde se demuestra que los niños que adquieren dos lenguas a la vez pasan por una primera fase de “sistema lexical único”, en la cual el niño incorpora palabras de una u otra lengua, sin diferenciar los dos códigos.     

Psicología y enseñanza de la Lengua

Resumen

El artículo versa sobre las relaciones entre psicología y didáctica en relación con la enseñanza de la lengua. Así, se defiende que la psicolingüística no puede prescribir los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua, aunque aporta elementos de reflexión, especialmente los referidos a las competencias implicadas en el uso del lenguaje. Se discute también el papel de la didáctica para concluir que aquello que se debe investigar son los mecanismos de influencia educativa que promueven el aprendizaje de los procedimientos implicados en el uso del lenguaje. Desde este punto de vista, se propone una convergencia entre la psicología educativa y la didáctica.     

Study of Post-World War II French Aeronautical Aluminium Alloy and Coatings: Historical and Materials Science Approach

ABSTRACT

In many countries, collections of historic aircraft, conserved in Air and Space museums or local associations, reflect the importance of a national or local history. Mostly parked outdoors, aircraft suffer from significant corrosion requiring conservation operations. During renovation, metallic parts are often replaced by association members. This can lead to a major loss of information since industrial archives dealing with materials and processes do not always survive. However, if these elements can be considered, they could be a fundamental source of information on the materials originally used and of the technical history of aeronautics. This work reports a thorough study of aluminium-based alloy parts collected on a Breguet aeroplane dating from the 1950s, during its recent renovation. Thanks to an approach coupling multi-scale material characterisation and research in archives, information on the industrial knowledge is revealed. Several historic grades of aluminium-based alloys were found, namely A-U4G, A-U4G1, and A-U3G, depending on the role of the part. Similarly, different protective coatings were identified (anodic oxidation, primers, and paintings), depending on the role of the metallic part and its location in the plane. Knowledge of the materials from bulk metal to the coated surface is necessary for good conservation practices regarding aeronautical heritage artefacts. Related documents and archives also fundamentally help in understanding such complex artefacts.     

A ‘study and research path’ enriching the learning of mechanical engineering

ABSTRACT

Study and research path (SRP) is an inquiry-based teaching format grounded in the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic. One of the specific characteristics of SRP is its task-design basis, which includes explicitly questioning the knowledge at stake in study processes. In this work, we propose general guidelines for the design of SRPs for Engineering courses. We have explored the validity of the SRP methodology for learning Strength of Materials, a key subject in Mechanical Engineering. The use of question–answer maps and the media–milieu dialectics throughout the development of the SRP are discussed, together with the student’s perceptions on the new learning process.     

Reflexiones en torno al bilingüismo y la enseñanza bilingüe

Resumen

El artículo revisa los estudios más importantes que se han realizado sobre el bilingüismo, enfatizando la discusión sobre el “principio” de enseñanza mediante la lengua materna o primera lengua del niño. Tras una revisión de las distintas clasificaciones sobre la enseñanza bilingüe y adoptando la hipótesis de “Desarrollo Interdependiente” y la hipótesis del “Umbral”, se proponen distintos criterios para abordar una enseñanza bilingüe enriquecedora. El artículo finaliza sugiriendo distintas aproximaciones a la enseñanza bilingüe en el Estado español.