A Question of Management Style: Women school governors, 1800-1862

ABSTRACT The article examines the way women managed schools prior to the rise of technocratic management practice and theory and explores the consequences for women of the introduction of 'rational' methods of bureaucratic management. The article begins by looking at women's access to management positions in education at the start of the nineteenth century. It then considers the structural and societal barriers constraining their work before focusing on the women governors' authority style. The work of women school governors is related to the wider question of gender and power and in particular to the historical construction of bureaucratic, technocratic management in discourses of 'reason', which is seen as a form of male power within the project of modernity. The women's work is placed in a Foucauldian framework in which women governors are simultaneously constructed as powerful and powerless due to their straddling of the discursive space of both 'public' and 'private'.     

A Response to the Emperor's New Clothes

In reply to Alschuler's commentary on their original article, the authors argue that portfolios are reliable, valid means for assessing students' progress and for program evaluation.     

Portfolio Assessment: A Model for Counselor Education

Portfolio assessment can be used to measure counselor-in-training growth over time. The benefits to counselor education programs, including the ability to evaluate counselor progress, are discussed.     

European Schoolnet: enabling school networking

School networking is increasingly important in a globalised world, where schools themselves can be actors on an international stage. This article builds on the activities and experience of the longest established European initiative in this area, European Schoolnet (EUN), a network of 31 Ministries of Education. First, we offer an introduction covering school networks. We then describe the case of European Schoolnet, its history, role, and relationship with other school networks in the world. We then describe the underlying structure of EUN school networks and their basic characteristics. Using these basic characteristics as a framework, we consider a number of eTwinning, European Schoolnet networks: Network of Innovative Schools (ENIS) and myEUROPE. Last, we identify key features of network literacy, potential future trends in school networks, and areas where further research is needed in this field, and offer some recommendations.     

Ethical Issues in Supervising Counseling Practitioners

Major ethical issues related to training and supervising counseling practitioners are discussed including transference, dependency, and power in the supervisory relationship, dual relationships, stereotyping, and the imposition of the supervisor's beliefs on the supervisee. Suggestions for lessening the threat of ethical violations are identified.     

Comprehensive re‐organisation: debating single‐sex and mixed education in Wiltshire 1967–1985

Comprehensive re‐organisation largely swept away single‐sex secondary education in the state maintained sector in England and Wales. Literature suggests this occurred with little discussion. Single‐sex versus mixed education was debated as part of Wiltshire education committee's re‐organisation of the Trowbridge and Salisbury girls' high schools as mixed comprehensive schools. At Trowbridge, the headmistress raised questions that led the local authority to poll parents' views on single‐sex versus mixed education. In Salisbury, two families appealed to the European Commission on Human Rights on the grounds that they had been denied freedom of choice to send their children to the city's single‐sex grammar schools. In both cases, power relations of policy‐making located debate about single‐sex education secondary to other considerations and worked to erase the issue from the historical record. At Trowbridge, this was to the detriment of single‐sex education, whereas at Salisbury it supported the retention of single‐sex education.