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This article tests the hypothesis that self-development plays a role in the offset of childhood amnesia; assessing the importance of both the capacity to anchor a memory to the self-concept, and the strength of the self-concept as an anchor. This research demonstrates for the first time that the volume of 3- to 6-year old's specific autobiographical memories is predicted by both the volume of their self-knowledge, and their capacity for self-source monitoring within self-referencing paradigms (N = 186). Moreover, there is a bidirectional relation between self and memory, such that autobiographical memory mediates the link between self-source monitoring and self-knowledge. These predictive relations suggest that the self-memory system is active in early childhood. 相似文献
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Jacqui Gingras 《Learning Inquiry》2009,3(3):177-191
Inquiring into the theoretical underpinnings of dietetic curriculum provides a means for further understanding who dietitians
are (identity) and what dietitians do (performativity). Since dietetic curriculum exists as a structural influence on the
dietetic student identity, it is worth inquiring into how such a structure is theoretically informed, especially considering
that until now, this process has not be undertaken. This research attempts to illuminate how dietetic knowledge is generated
and how various institutional structures reinforce this knowledge. Since dietetic education in Canada is standardized by a
means of national accreditation, the accreditation texts were analyzed following a poststructural discourse analysis method.
Those aspects of the Accreditation Manual concerning dietetic education were scrutinized to illuminate the presence/absence of curricular theory, knowledge assumptions,
and educational values. Findings of the discourse analysis indicate that there is no explicit curricular theory framing dietetic
education, learning processes are sequential and apolitical, and dietetic knowledge is decontextualized from the social world.
These findings have implications for dietetic education, the scholarship of teaching and learning within the profession, and
dietetic epistemology. With further attention to these issues it is hoped that dietetic educators will be encouraged to reflect
on the historical and theoretical foundations of their curricula and will consider how teaching and learning, and ultimately
dietetic knowledge could be enhanced through a socially integrated feminist science of food and nutrition. 相似文献
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First in Family (FiF) is an under-recognised equity grouping which may encompass low-SES, mature-aged, regional and remote, and Indigenous students. FiF tertiary students are more likely to be in a position of educational disadvantage over students who have other family members available to share the experience of university life and discuss aspirations. Building on previous research, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 FiF university students from a range of disciplines across three South Australian institutions. We analysed the interview data based on themes derived through readings of FiF literature, adding new ones as they emerged as part of the process of analysis. In this paper, we specifically focus on the interview responses which included metaphors or analogies. Metaphors provide a conceptual framework for thinking about a particular problem and drawing comparisons between unlike situations. Our experience as educators told us that students often subtly and unintentionally utilise metaphors when articulating lived experiences. We both specifically asked the FiF students to identify a metaphor that reflected their experience of being at university and also considered their use of metaphors in response to other questions. In exploring these metaphors, we have gained insight into students’ day-to-day experience of attending university and have gained information about their motivations and their struggles. When considered by university staff and policy-makers, this information could be used to guide the development of strategies that may help future FiF students. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTCurrent evidence suggests that chronic inflammation contributes to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Interestingly, exercise may constitute a method of reducing inflammation in this patient population. As such, this systematic review and meta-analysis examined the evidence generated by randomised studies that investigated the effect of exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in CAD. Literature was sought from various sources. Outcomes were pooled in a random-effects model to calculate standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Twenty-five studies were reviewed; post-intervention C-reactive protein (SMD: ?0.55 (95% CI: ?0.93, ?0.16), P = 0.005), fibrinogen (SMD: ?0.52 (95% CI: ?0.74, ?0.29, P = <0.00001)), and von Willebrand factor (SMD: ?1.57 (95% CI: ?2.23, ?0.92), P = <0.00001) values were significantly lower in exercise groups compared to controls. In addition, qualitative analyses identified evidence that supports a beneficial effect of exercise on these acute-phase reactants. However, the impact of exercise on anti–inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines is equivocal, which may be attributed to a paucity of research. Nevertheless, the findings of this review suggest that exercise induces an anti–inflammatory effect in CAD patients. Although, the quality of evidence needs to be improved by further randomised studies with high methodological qualities and large sample sizes. 相似文献
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Jacqui Smith 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2001,4(4):577-599
Factors associated with education, social status, health, and psychological makeup are indicators of life experience and are
also associated with quality of life in old age. Do these factors also contribute to a longer life? Data from the Berlin Aging
Study (BASE; see Baltes/Mayer 1999), a locally representative sample of men and women aged 70 to 100+, are examined to determine whether status on these
dimensions of life experience 1) differs between individuals in the early phase of old age (young old) and individuals who
have survived beyond the average life expectancy of this birthcohort (age 85 plus, the so-called Fourth Age), and 2) predicts
survival during old age. After controls for age and gender, health, occupational status and psychological functioning predicted
survival. In general, long-lived individuals in present cohorts of the Fourth Age compared with those in the Third Age have
lower education, lower occupational status at retirement, poorer health status, and lower levels of psychological functioning.
Future studies should address the effects of various dimensions of life experience in different phases of the life course
to determine the paths through which experience influences individual differences in the rate of aging and age at death in
old age. 相似文献
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Primrose Letcher Christopher J. Greenwood Helena McAnally Jay Belsky Jacqui A. Macdonald Elizabeth A. Spry Kimberly C. Thomson Meredith O'Connor Judith Sligo George Youssef Jennifer E. McIntosh Ella Iosua Delyse Hutchinson Joyce Cleary Ann V. Sanson George C. Patton Robert J. Hancox Craig A. Olsson 《Child development》2023,94(1):60-73
This study examined whether positive development (PD) in adolescence and young adulthood predicts offspring behavior in two Australasian intergenerational cohorts. The Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 Study assessed PD at age 19–28 (years 2002–2010) and behavior in 1165 infants (12–18 months; 608 girls) of 694 Australian-born parents (age 29–35; 2012–2019; 399 mothers). The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Parenting Study assessed PD at age 15–18 (years 1987–1991) and behavior in 695 preschoolers (3–5 years; 349 girls) and their New Zealand born parents (age 21–46; 1994–2018; 363 mothers; 89% European ethnicity). In both cohorts, PD before parenthood predicted more positive offspring behavior (βrange = .11–.16) and fewer behavior problems (βrange = −.09 to −.11). Promoting strengths may secure a healthy start to life. 相似文献
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Keriann Little Craig A. Olsson Sarah Whittle Jacqui A. Macdonald Lisa B. Sheeber George J. Youssef Julian G. Simmons Ann V. Sanson Debra L. Foley Nicholas B. Allen 《Child development》2019,90(4):1061-1079
In threatening environments, the short (S) allele of 5-HTTLPR is proposed to augment risk for depression. However, it is unknown whether 5-HTTLPR variation increases risk for depression in environments of deprivation, lacking positive or nurturant features. Two independent longitudinal studies (n = 681 and 176, respectively) examined whether 5-HTTLPR moderated associations between low levels of positive parenting at 11–13 years and subsequent depression at 17–19 years. In both studies only LL homozygous adolescents were at greater risk for depression with decreasing levels of positive parenting. Thus, while the S allele has previously been identified as a susceptible genotype, these findings suggest that the L allele may also confer sensitivity to depression in the face of specific environmental challenges. 相似文献