Victimization,perception of violence,and social behaviour / Victimización,percepción de la violencia y conducta social

Abstract

This study had three goals: to analyze gender differences in victimization, perception of school violence, and social behaviour; to study the relations between these variables; and to identify variables predicting victimization. A correlational methodology was employed, and three assessment instruments were administered. The sample was made up of 178 participants aged between 13 and 15 years. The results yielded no gender differences in victimization; however, females perceived more verbal abuse and performed more behaviours of help-collaboration, whereas males scored higher in negative social behaviours (aggressiveness-stubbornness, dominance, apathy-withdrawal). The bullying victims of both sexes had a high perception of school violence; moreover, victimized males performed few behaviours of help-collaboration and assurance-firmness, whereas victimized females displayed many behaviours of social anxiety. Six variables predicted victimization: high perception of violence through information and communication technologies, high social anxiety, lower age, little aggressive behaviour, high perception of verbal abuse, and few behaviours of help-collaboration.     

Development of personal initiative: impact of an intervention applied to the educational field / Desarrollo de la iniciativa personal: impacto de una intervención aplicada al ámbito educativo

Personal initiative refers to the behaviours that characterize people as being proactive, persistent and self-starting when tackling obstacles that arise as they try to achieve goals. Given the relevance of personal initiative to the educational field, the main aim of this study was to design, implement and evaluate a programme for developing personal initiative in this field. A further objective was to improve a set of variables closely linked to personal initiative. Participants included 160 students aged between 16 and 30 years and enrolled in six centres offering initial vocational training. Of the total sample, 119 students were assigned to the experimental condition and 41 to the control condition. The study’s design was quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent control group. The results indicated that the programme improved the self-starting component of personal initiative and raised the participants’ academic achievement and entrepreneurial attitude. It also had some effect on self-efficacy and on two dimensions of emotional intelligence, namely clarity and regulation.     

La experiencia lingüística como medio para activar (ALERT) las técnicas de pensamiento crítico del alumno

Quizá el material más aplicable para desarrollar una auténtica conciencia comprensiva y un pensamiento crítico, que evite que el niño sea un decodificador neutro y superficial, sea el que más familiar resulta al alumno y el que más inadvertidamente se filtra en su mente: la publicidad. El método ALERT que aquí se expone con detalle es un modelo de diseño eficaz: objetivos importantes, ideas claras y realización fácil y atractiva.     

Adult intervention levels in young children’s free play: an observational study on how Pikler educators combine the instrumental and relational dimensions of their educational activity

European Journal of Psychology of Education - Studies about child development emphasize the importance of play in children’s early years. However, there is an existing controversy about the...