Students’ Motivation to Study Introductory Marketing

There has been little previous research into either students’ motivation to enrol into elective university courses or their motivation to enrol into marketing courses. Therefore in this exploratory study the motivation of 507 students to undertake an introductory elective marketing course was investigated. Factor analysis revealed seven motivational dimensions labelled as Competence, Broad Education, Job Prospects, Entrepreneurial Goals, ‘Non‐maths’, Social and Students’ Opportunism. T‐tests, MANOVAs and MANCOVAs indicated that the students who expressed an intention to major in marketing have a more intrinsically and vocationally based motivation than those students who decided to major in another subject or those who were undecided. While male students on average scored higher on the inner‐directed instrumental dimensions of Competence and Broad Education the outer‐directed dimensions of Students’ Opportunism and Entrepreneurial Goals were found to be significantly more important for female students. Analysis of impact of year of study on students’ motivation, however, indicated that these differences lessen over time. This research has implications for decision‐making in the areas of curriculum design, streaming procedures and teaching techniques.     

The Development in Germany of Archival Processing – The Vertical and Horizontal Appraisal

Based on a discussion about appraisal which has been going on for over a 100 years, the so-called vertical and horizontal appraisal have been developed and tested since the middle of the 1990s. During this process the tasks, functions and competences of the agencies, which are to be appraised were analysed. The appraisal of the content itself is undertaken only when multiple archival processing has been eliminated by this method and the most significant records identified. Actual tasks and functions of single administrative branches of different institutions (federal government, states, counties, and municipalities) are appraised, apart from already closed records. In this way, agencies creating archives and records today receive written decisions on the appraisal of records, which will be offered to the archives in future. Archivists of different institutions are involved in this appraisal procedure. The experience gained here has continually developed the techniques of vertical and horizontal appraisal. This appraisal procedure is being further developed in a constant balance between theory and practice.     

Microfluidic impedance spectroscopy as a tool for quantitative biology and biotechnology

A microfluidic device that is able to perform dielectric spectroscopy is developed. The device consists of a measurement chamber that is 250 μm thick and 750 μm in radius. Around 1000 cells fit inside the chamber assuming average quantities for cell radius and volume fraction. This number is about 1000 folds lower than the capacity of conventional fixtures. A T-cell leukemia cell line Jurkat is tested using the microfluidic device. Measurements of deionized water and salt solutions are utilized to determine parasitic effects and geometric capacitance of the device. Physical models, including Maxwell-Wagner mixture and double shell models, are used to derive quantities for sub-cellular units. Clausius-Mossotti factor of Jurkat cells is extracted from the impedance spectrum. Effects of cellular heterogeneity are discussed and parameterized. Jurkat cells are also tested with a time domain reflectometry system for verification of the microfluidic device. Results indicate good agreement of values obtained with both techniques. The device can be used as a unique cell diagnostic tool to yield information on sub-cellular units.     

融合历史与比较:对比较社会科学新进展的回应

本文通过对比较社会科学研究新进展的考察,指出了传统的比较社会科学方法论所面临的问题和挑战.继而作者受到自然科学、生命科学以及社会科学研究成果的启示,提出了功能-构型方法,希冀对比较社会科学研究开辟新的视界.     

The twofold character of comparative education: Cross-cultural comparison and externalization to world situations

Member of the Executive Committee of the Comparative Education Society in Europe. His research work focuses on the comparative social history of education. His publications include two books on France, Die französischen Universitäten 1945–1968 (1972) Schulreform und Bildungspolitik in Frankreich (1974), Geschichte der Pädagogik und systematische Erziehungswissenschaft(co-editor) (1976), and Theories and Methods in Comparative Education(1988). He has published numerous articles in scholarly reviews, especially in Zeitschrift für Pädagogik.     

"博洛尼亚进程":新欧洲的"神话"?

本文介绍和分析了“博洛尼亚进程“以及由它促成的一种理论模式在全欧洲史无前例的传播,这种模式要求全欧洲的高等教育在课程安排和学位制度上实现重组及一体化。加深相互联系和建立标准化制度已成为世界性趋势,“博洛尼亚进程”被视为这一趋势在教育领域的特殊例证。本文以世界体系分析中不同层面的概念作为工具,对该进程进行了深入探讨,特别是使用了新制度主义社会学的理论。作者根据“传播”、“假想模式”、“理性神话”等概念,并借助体现出政府间国际组织以及非政府间国际组织日益增长之重要性的研究成果,勾勒出“博洛尼亚进租”的产生和发展动态。     

Technology and responsibility

The modern world (Leonardo-World) is ruled by a research imperative and an ethical imperative. The research imperative keeps this world going, the ethical imperative keeps it from turning against man.This imperative is also an imperative of responsibility. In science this means a responsible freedom, in technology a responsible development.