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Dr. Richard W. Thoreson CarolAnne M. Kardash David A. Leuthold Kelly A. Morrow 《Research in higher education》1990,31(2):193-209
This study examines sources of satisfaction, indicators of stress, academic performance, and reward structure in the academic careers of male and female faculty at a major midwestern state university. Faculty pairs were selected from five academic divisions. A total of 58 matched pairs were identified. Of these, 63 faculty responded, yielding data for 23 matched pairs. Subjects were mailed the Academic Career Development Survey, consisting of 144 items. Results indicated that self-reported physical and mental health, and professional and personal life satisfaction were high for both males and females. Both males and females placed high importance on their career and on marriage/other intimate relationships; however, both reported high levels of dissatisfaction with these factors. Gender differences were found in both satisfaction and type of stress reported; no gender differences were found in composite teaching and research performance indices. Salary data, obtained for 42 matched pairs, indicated similar salary levels for men and women. Results were discussed with respect to prior research on gender differences and the academic career. 相似文献
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The effects of varying placement of a review period and test expectancy on students' notetaking, review strategies, and performance on delayed free recall, application, and cloze tests were investigated. One hundred fifty-six undergraduates took notes on two texts with the expectation that they would be tested for quantity of information remembered from one text and for their ability to apply information from a second text. Students were assigned to one of five review conditions: (a) at acquisition, (b) 1 day after acquisition, (c) prior to test, (d) mental review prior to test, and (e) no review. Results revealed that placement of a review period influences free recall performance, but has no effect on cloze and application test performances. Contrary to prediction, varying expectancy did not enhance performance on criterion measures which matched students' expectancies compared to those which did not. 相似文献
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Alexander and her colleagues proposed teaching as persuasion as a guiding metaphor for conceptual change pedagogy (Alexander, Fives, Buehl, & Mulhern, 2002). However, there is reason to suspect that the term persuasion can have negative connotations for some individuals ( Dole & Sinatra, 1999; Murphy, 2001). Therefore, we examined 182 primarily preservice teachers’ views of teaching as persuasion, and related those views to their openness/resistance to new ideas as measured by selected epistemological belief scales and dispositional measures. Consistent with our hypotheses, our results indicated that teacher candidates who believed that knowledge evolves, that beliefs can be revised, and that learning is a process of constructing knowledge were more open to persuasive teaching. Our findings provide support for Murphy’s (2001) view of persuasion and suggest further that the teaching as persuasion metaphor would be more successful embedded in an instructional context designed to broaden teachers’ epistemological worldviews. 相似文献
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This study investigated the effects of organizational signals, need for cognition, and verbal ability on recall and recognition of information from an expository text. Ninety-two undergraduate students completed the Need for Cognition scale (Cacioppo, Petty, & Kao, 1984) and read a text that either: (a) contained organizational signals in the form of an overview, headings, and a summary or (b) contained no signals. Consistent with our primary hypothesis, there was a marginal tendency for organizational signals to interact with need for cognition to influence conditional recall of expository text information. Specifically, need for cognition was related marginally to conditional recall only in the "no signals" condition. Organizational signals, need for cognition, and verbal ability contributed significantly to prediction of performance on three measures of text recall. By contrast, performance on the recognition test was influenced by an interaction between organizational signals and verbal ability. Implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright 2000 Academic Press. 相似文献
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Gale M. Sinatra CarolAnne M. Kardash Gita Taasoobshirazi Doug Lombardi 《Instructional Science》2012,40(1):1-17
This study examined the relationship among cognitive and motivational variables impacting college students’ willingness to
take mitigative action to reduce the impacts of human-induced climate change. One hundred and forty college students were
asked to read a persuasive text about human-induced climate change and were pre and post tested on their attitudes about climate
change and their willingness to take action to mitigate its effects. Students showed statistically significant changes in
their attitudes about climate change and their willingness to commit to take action. A path model demonstrated that openness
to change and a willingness to think deeply about issues predicted both change in attitudes and expressed willingness to take
action. This research demonstrates that a persuasive text has the potential to promote change around complex socio-scientific
issues. 相似文献
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Michael Nussbaum E. Dove Ian J. Slife Nathan Kardash CarolAnne M. Turgut Refika Vallett David 《Reading and writing》2019,32(6):1531-1552
Reading and Writing - Although the Toulmin model (1958) has dominated argumentation research, it does not provide many tools for evaluating argument quality. Towards that end, we draw on work in... 相似文献
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Structured collaborative learning activities undertaken in two graduate level classes are described. Student and instructor perspectives on these activities are explored based on data collected through interviews, open-ended evaluation instruments, and journals. Four perspectives on collaborative learning emerged from the data: (1) student expectations; (2) instructor tolerance for ambiguity and flexibility; (3) student reliance on authority; and, (4) evaluation of student learning. Suggestions for implementing collaborative groups in graduate courses are presented.Julie A. Hughes Caplow is an Associate Professor of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis at the University of Missouri-Columbia. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in Higher Education Administration. Her areas of interest include postsecondary instructional strategies, faculty beliefs about teaching and knowledge, and postsecondary curricula. CarolAnne M. Kardash is an Associate Professor of Educational and Counseling Psychology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. She received her Ph.D. from Arizona State University in Educational Psychology. Her areas of interest include text processing, reading comprehension, and instructional and learning strategies. 相似文献
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