Connecting inside out: Development of the social brain in infants and toddlers with a focus on myelination as a marker of brain maturation

Early childhood is a sensitive period for learning and social skill development. The maturation of cerebral regions underlying social processing lays the foundation for later social-emotional competence. This study explored myelin changes in social brain regions and their association with changes in parent-rated social-emotional development in a cohort of 129 children (64 females, 0–36 months, 77 White). Results reveal a steep increase in myelination throughout the social brain in the first 3 years of life that is significantly associated with social-emotional development scores. These findings add knowledge to the emerging picture of social brain development by describing neural underpinnings of human social behavior. They can contribute to identifying age-/stage-appropriate early life factors in this developmental domain.     

Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8–18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age: 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled: screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled: screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range: 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time.     

Digital Module 16: Longitudinal Data Analysis

In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Jeffrey Harring and Ms. Tessa Johnson introduce the linear mixed effects (LME) model as a flexible general framework for simultaneously modeling continuous repeated measures data with a scientifically defensible function that adequately summarizes both individual change as well as the average response. The module begins with a nontechnical overview of longitudinal data analyses drawing distinctions with cross-sectional analyses in terms of research questions to be addressed. Nuances of longitudinal designs, timing of measurements, and the real possibility of missing data are then discussed. The three interconnected components of the LME model—(1) a model for individual and mean response profiles, (2) a model to characterize the covariation among the time-specific residuals, and (3) a set of models that summarize the extent that individual coefficients vary—are discussed in the context of the set of activities comprising an analysis. Finally, they demonstrate how to estimate the linear mixed effects model within an open-source environment (R). The digital module contains sample R code, diagnostic quiz questions, hands-on activities in R, curated resources, and a glossary.     

对江西省高校大学生体育健身需求的调查

对江西 18所高校大学生体育健身内容需求现状进行了调查 ,通过对大学生 15项体育健身内容需求程度的统计分析 ,提出建立高校大学生体育健身体系及对策。     

浅析嫉妒情感产生的根源及特性

嫉妒是人类最原始、生命力最强的一种情感。嫉妒产生的根源是恐惧与怨恨他人各方面条件优于自己的混合心理。嫉妒情感具有普遍性、隐藏性、指向性、攻击性、弥散性、复杂性等特性。     

多自由度刚性杆系静平衡计算

介绍了多自由度刚性杆系静平衡的分析计算。通过调整初始设计中杆件的长度来优化系统。这对于大型起重机前大梁拉杆系统以及一些相关系统的设计优化有一定的实际参考及应用价值     

城市居民休闲化趋势与大众体育的开发和指导

从 3个层面分析了开发体育的休闲功能与开发休闲培训对休闲文化产生的意义 ,休闲服务将从标准化和集中化转向个性化服务发展 ,发展、健全健身娱乐市场 ,能进一步满足人们日趋多元化、高质量的休闲生活的需要。     

现代德国体育演变及其对我国学校体育发展的启示

详细分析了德国学校体育的发展历程,将其发展划分为三个阶段:理论不完备阶段,哲学性的人类学阶段和目的论形成及体育课程理论结构化阶段,并对其体育课程理论结构化阶段的理论与课程体系进行了深入探讨。对于该阶段对于我国学校体育借鉴作用作了深入分析。