Longitudinal Relations Among Parents' Reactions to Children's Negative Emotions,Effortful Control,and Math Achievement in Early Elementary School

Panel mediation models and fixed‐effects models were used to explore longitudinal relations among parents' reactions to children's displays of negative emotions, children's effortful control (EC), and children's math achievement (N = 291; M age in fall of kindergarten = 5.66 years, SD = .39 year) across kindergarten through second grade. Parents reported their reactions and children's EC. Math achievement was assessed with a standardized achievement test. First‐grade EC mediated the relation between parents' reactions at kindergarten and second‐grade math achievement, beyond stability in constructs across study years. Panel mediation model results suggested that socialization of EC may be one method of promoting math achievement in early school; however, when all omitted time‐invariant covariates of EC and math achievement were controlled, first‐grade EC no longer predicted second‐grade math achievement.     

Revealing the relation between temperament and behavior problem symptoms by eliminating measurement confounding: expert ratings and factor analyses

This study examined the hypothesis that item overlap, or measurement confounding, accounts for the correlation between temperament and behavior problem symptoms in children. First, a conceptual approach was taken in which 41 experts rated temperament (Children's Behavior Questionnaire, CBQ) and behavior problem symptom items (Preschool Behavior Questionnaire, PBQ) for their fit to both constructs. With this approach, 10% of temperament and 38% of symptom items were confounded. Second, an empirical approach was taken and CBQ and PBQ items were factor analyzed with data from a multi-informant longitudinal study of 451 children. Using this method, 9% of temperament and 23% of symptom items were confounded. Most importantly, removing the confounded items from the CBQ and PBQ scales did not affect the relation between temperament and symptoms, suggesting that the associations were not due to measurement confounding. In addition, the predictive power of earlier temperament for DSM-IV symptoms (Health and Behavior Questionnaire) remained high with the purified CBQ scale. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the relation between normal-range temperament and extreme behavior.     

Student Assistant Management: Using an Evaluation Rubric

ABSTRACT

While effective communication between library staff and the student assistants who report to them can be challenging, it is nonetheless essential if students are to successfully carry out their job responsibilities. Developing an evaluation rubric helped Averett University's Blount Library staff convey what expectations they held for their student assistants together with what they had to do to achieve particular rating levels. Sharing the evaluation rubric and the comment copy of the evaluation form with the library personnel providing input for student performance helped standardize the input received. Students and library personnel alike feel that the evaluation process is valuable, unbiased, and fair.     

The Unique and Shared Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Fear,Anger, and Sadness in Childhood

This study examined the extent to which subordinate dimensions of negative emotionality were genetically and environmentally distinct in a sample of 1,316 twins (51% female, 85.8% Caucasian, primarily middle class, M_age = 7.87 years, SD = .93), recruited from Wisconsin hospital birth records between 1989 and 2004. Cholesky, independent pathway, and common pathway models were fitted for mother report, father report, and in‐home observation of temperament. Although findings support the use of negative emotionality, there were heritable aspects of anger and fear not explained by a common genetic factor, and shared environmental influences common to anger and sadness but not fear. Observed fear was independent from observed anger and sadness. Distinctions support specificity in measurement when considering implications for child development.     

基于过程的电子政务公众采纳研究框架

公众的采纳是电子政务发展的基本条件之一.通过分析个体采纳过程的主流研究模型,结合电子政务的特点,对电子政务公众采纳过程进行阶段划分,提出基于过程的电子政务公众采纳研究框架.以此为基础,分别探讨了采纳前阶段公众对电子政务服务(概念)采纳意向,以及采纳后阶段用户对政府门户网站(载体)持续使用意向的关键影响因素.