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Parent-daughter transmission of the androgen receptor gene as an explanation of the effect of father absence on age of menarche 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Based on an evolutionary theory of socialization, Belsky and colleagues proposed that girls exposed to a stressful environment, especially when due to father absence in the first 7 years of life, showed an early onset of puberty, precocious sexuality, and unstable relationships as adults. The authors of this article examined an alternative explanation that a variant X-linked androgen receptor (AR) gene, predisposing the father to behaviors that include family abandonment, may be passed to their daughters causing early puberty, precocious sexuality, and behavior problems. The results of a study of 121 White males and 164 White females showed a significant association of the short alleles of the GGC repeat polymorphism of the AR gene with a range of measures of aggression and impulsivity, increased number of sexual partners, sexual compulsivity, and lifetime number of sex partners in males; and paternal divorce, father absence, and early age of menarche in females. These findings support a genetic explanation of the Belsky psychosocial evolutionary hypothesis regarding the association of fathers' absence and parental stress with early age of onset of menarche and early sexual activity in their daughters. A genetic explanation of the father absence effect is proposed in which fathers carrying the AR alleles are more likely to abandon a marriage (father absence) and pass those alleles to their daughters in whom they produce an earlier age of menarche and behavioral problems. 相似文献
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《野草》主题的佛学解读 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
孟宏峰 《内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2005,34(3):97-101
《野草》主题隐含着一个与佛学苦、空观相吻合的逻辑层次。在现世苦难的打击下,鲁迅常常觉得唯“黑暗与虚无”乃是“实有”,佛学无常无我价值观促使他走向“绝望之为虚妄,正与希望相同”的空无状态。由空开拓出生命的抗争之路,承担起现世世界扫滞除执、反抗绝望的责任是《野草》哲学的关键。诗文吸收佛教勇猛精进的精神,同时消解了佛教因果轮回的唯心思想。 相似文献
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L Maïmoun D Mariano-Goulart I Couret J Manetta E Peruchon JP Micallef 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):875-883
Sports characterized by little or moderate weight bearing or impact have a low osteogenic effect. However, the action of such sports on bone turnover remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the effect on bone remodelling of physical activities that induce moderate external loading on the skeleton. Thirty-eight male athletes aged 18–39 years (cyclists, n?=?11; swimmers, n?=?13; triathletes, n?=?14) and 10 age-matched sedentary controls aged 22–35 years participated in the study. The study combined measurement of bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone turnover assessment from specific biochemical markers: serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, urinary type I collagen C-telopeptide and calcium. Compared with the controls and swimmers, adjusted bone mineral density was higher (P?<?0.05) in triathletes at the total proximal femur and lower limbs. No differences in bone mineral density were found between cyclists, swimmers and controls. Compared with controls, osteocalcin was higher (P?<?0.05) in triathletes and swimmers and urinary type I collagen C-telopeptide was higher in swimmers only. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was lower (P?<?0.05) in cyclists than in all other groups. In conclusion, an osteogenic effect was found only in triathletes, mainly at bone sites under high mechanical stress. Bone turnover differed in athletes compared with controls, suggesting that bone turnover may be sport-practice dependent. Despite some encouraging observations, it was not possible to show that changes in the bone remodelling process were sport-discipline dependent. 相似文献
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This contribution considers a variety of aspects of the bloodstock breeding world during the three decades following World War Two, focusing in particular on the breeders of thoroughbred horses and the attitudes of those breeders towards their calling. It is argued that even at this late stage of its history, the persistence of the Corinthian amateur ideal, a dogged indifference to the realities of social and economic change, and a high degree of institutional social exclusiveness was in part responsible for the relative decline of what had been, in the inter-war years, the world's pre-eminent bloodstock industry. 相似文献
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