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Maurice A. Finocchiaro 《Science & Education》2011,20(1):51-66
Galileo’s telescopic discoveries of 1609–1612 provided a crucial, although not conclusive, confirmation of the Copernican
hypothesis of the earth’s motion. In Galileo’s approach, the Copernican Revolution required that the geokinetic hypothesis
be supported not only with new theoretical arguments but also with new observational evidence; that it be not only supported
constructively but also critically defended from objections; and that such objections be not only refuted but also appreciated
in all their strength. However, Galileo’s defense of Copernicanism triggered a sequence of events that climaxed in 1633, when
the Inquisition tried and condemned him as a suspected heretic. In turn, the repercussions of Galileo’s condemnation have
been a defining theme of modern Western culture for the last four centuries. In particular, the 20th century witnessed a curious
spectacle: rehabilitation efforts by the Catholic Church and anti-Galilean critiques by secular-minded left-leaning social
critics. The controversy shows no signs of abating to date, as may be seen from the episode of Pope Benedict XVI’s attitude
toward Paul Feyerabend’s critique of Galileo. Nevertheless, I have devised a framework which should pave the way for eventually
resolving this controversy, and which is modeled on Galileo’s own approach to the Copernican Revolution. 相似文献
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Eric C. Haakonssen Martin Barras Louise M. Burke David G. Jenkins David T. Martin 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(6):645-653
The aims of this study were to describe normative values and seasonal variation of body composition in female cyclists comparing female road and track endurance cyclists, and to validate the use of anthropometry to monitor lean mass changes. Anthropometric profiles (seven site skinfolds) were measured over 16 years from 126 female cyclists. Lean mass index (LMI) was calculated as body weight?×?skinfolds?x. The exponent (x) was calculated as the slope of the natural logarithm of body weight and skinfolds. Percentage changes in LMI were compared to lean mass changes measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subset of 25 road cyclists. Compared to sub-elite and elite cyclists, world class cyclists were (mean [95% CI]) 1.18?kg [0.46, 1.90] and 0.60?kg [0.05, 1.15] lighter and had skinfolds that were 7.4?mm [3.8, 11.0] and 4.6?mm [1.8, 7.4] lower, respectively. Body weight (0.41?kg [0.04, 0.77]) and skinfolds (4.0?mm [2.1, 6.0]) were higher in the off-season compared to the early-season. World class female road cyclists had lower body weight (6.04?kg [2.73, 9.35]) and skinfolds (11.5?mm [1.1, 21.9]) than track endurance cyclists. LMI (mean exponent 0.15 [0.13, 0.18]) explained 87% of the variance in DXA lean mass. In conclusion, higher performing female cyclists were lighter and leaner than their less successful peers, road cyclists were lighter and leaner than track endurance cyclists, and weight and skinfolds were lowest early in the season. LMI appears to be a reasonably valid tool for monitoring lean mass changes. 相似文献
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The twenty-first century has seen unprecedented investment from governments around the world in educational technologies in schools. This paper investigates Australian teachers’ adoption and use of a popular technology that has been extensively supported by governments and school systems: the interactive whiteboard (IWB). The study suggests that a number of the barriers identified in the early days of adoption and use of this technology, such as professional support and access, still remain for many teachers, thereby impeding effective practices. The research also found that primary school teachers were using the technology in diverse ways, in contrast to secondary teachers who were using the IWB mainly for instructionist, presentational purposes. We conclude by considering various ways of reducing the effect of the identified barriers to support implementation of educational technologies in the classroom, especially the next generation of technologies promoted by governments and systems. 相似文献
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Maurice Hobbs 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1982,5(1-2):29-44
The article is organised into two sections, dealing with: (1) the notions of ‘Plurality’ and ‘Pluralism’ and (2) the training of teachers for a plural society. In part (I), factors influencing the development of the plural society in Britain are discussed and the dimensions of that society examined. Part (II) outlines the needs of schools in a plural society and recommends a strategy for teacher training.
L'article est organisé en deux parties qui traitent (i) des concepts de ‘Pluralité’ et de ‘Pluralisme’, et (ii) de la formation des enseignants pour une société pluraliste. Dans la première partie (i) il est discuté facteurs qui ont une influence sur le développement de la société pluraliste en Grande‐Bretagne et les caracteristiques de cette société. La deuxième partie (ii) expose les besoins des écoles dans une société pluraliste et recommande une stratégie pour la formation des enseignants. 相似文献
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The Urban Review - This article explores a 9-month process of youth research capacity-building, beginning with the training of high school and college aged researchers in qualitative methodologies... 相似文献