PILOT STUDY: SITUATIONAL EVALUATION AND BASE‐LINE TECHNIQUES IN ARTICULATION THERAPY

The problem of this study was to consider how a speech therapist can adequately evaluate the effectiveness of therapy. The unique feature of this pilot study was the use of a pre‐ and post‐test administration at the beginning and end of each therapy session. An error sound of the subject was selected on the basis of maturity and stimulability. Ten correct or incorrect responses to this error sound were tabulated for each session, establishing a base‐line on the initial performance and enabling progress checks. The number of correct responses during each therapy session increased as the number of sessions progressed. Increased efficiency could have been attributed to the effectiveness of previous sessions.     

‘We are all Foxes Now’: sport,multiculturalism and business in the era of Disneyization

On Monday 2 May 2016, a little heralded, medium-sized, provincial soccer club, Leicester City, one with no record of league titles in 132 years of trying, no European heritage of any note, and no major expenditure on players, won the English Premier League (EPL) title. This astonishing outcome is at odds with the development of monetised late-modern European club soccer. A select group of clubs with a global ‘reach’, owned and funded by foreign capital, have increasingly dominated the EPL since its formation in 1992. Leicester City’s triumph was also notable because Leicester is regarded as a settled multi-cultural city. The title win was widely interpreted as a vehicle for promoting racial integration, as well as celebrating positive owner/fan identities, civic pride, and traditional sporting values over the ethos of business. This paper explores these issues and what the Leicester victory meant to local supporters, and to the city.     

REBUS FLASH CARDS AND TRADITIONAL ORTHOGRAPHY FLASH CARDS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Rebus pictographic symbols as an intermediate step in reading instruction with educable mentally retarded children. Traditional orthography flash cards were used as a comparative approach. Using twelve students enrolled in the summer laboratory experience at Georgia Southern College and twelve graduate students as student tutors (ST), a pretest of 50 traditional orthography words was given. With a specific procedure, each child was given individualised instruction for nine weeks. After each session, progress or lack of progress was graphed for both groups. Results indicated that effectiveness was best evaluated on an individual basis. A steady increase in the number of symbols identified was found in five of the six subjects (Ss) using the Rebus symbols, and only three of six Ss, two of whom had high pre‐test scores, showed a rapid climb to a perfect score of 50 when using traditional orthography flash cards.     

Globalization of Education in Spain: From Isolation to Internationalization to Globalization

This article explores the recent past of Spain and how the Spanish embrace of globalization tendencies has been generated by internal problems. These include the remaining legacy of Franco's re´gime, a declining university-age population, and the perceived need to participate, at an international level, in academic-sponsored research.     

Book reviews

International Review of Education -     

Faculty and online education as a mechanism of power

This study uses a critical perspective to examine how online education is used in brick-and-mortar institutions as a mechanism through which power is exercised by and against professors who teach online. Based on a larger study of 25 professors and administrators at four institutions, this work focuses on the experiences of 12 professors. Foucault’s conceptualization of power framed our interpretation of interviews conducted with these professors. Our findings suggest online education enhanced faculty autonomy and visibility, but that it was also used to control faculty members, and for some professors, it was used to alter their professional identities.