THE SAT PREDICTION OF GRADES FOR MEXICAN-AMERICAN VERSUS ANGLO-AMERICAN STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE

The regression equations for second quarter freshman grade point averages on SAT scores were calculated for Anglo-American and Mexican-American students at the University of California, Riverside. These regression equations differed significantly for the two groups. However, the use of the regression equation derived from the Anglo-American sample to predict grades of Mexican-American students resulted in overprediction. An examination of the standardized regression weights revealed a significant difference in the weight given to SATM. A replication on a much larger sample revealed a similar outcome. These results were considered as a possible heuristic to suggest a scholastic "'strategy" difference between the two ethnic groups.     

Three-dimensional kinematic comparison of treadmill and overground running

The treadmill is an attractive device for the investigation of human locomotion, yet the extent to which lower limb kinematics differ from overground running remains a controversial topic. This study aimed to provide an extensive three-dimensional kinematic comparison of the lower extremities during overground and treadmill running. Twelve participants ran at 4.0 m/s ( ± 5%) in both treadmill and overground conditions. Angular kinematic parameters of the lower extremities during the stance phase were collected at 250 Hz using an eight-camera motion analysis system. Hip, knee, and ankle joint kinematics were quantified in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes, and contrasted using paired t-tests. Of the analysed parameters hip flexion at footstrike and ankle excursion to peak angle were found to be significantly reduced during treadmill running by 12° (p = 0.001) and 6.6° (p = 0.010), respectively. Treadmill running was found to be associated with significantly greater peak ankle eversion (by 6.3°, p = 0.006). It was concluded that the mechanics of treadmill running cannot be generalized to overground running.     

Reasons for the Underrepresentation of Females at Head of Department Level in Physical Education in Government Schools in Western Australia

Despite the almost equitable proportion of females and males teaching physical education in government secondary schools in Western Australia, and the absence of Ministry of Education policy constraints on female promotion since 1972, women held only five (7%) of the 70 substantive head of department appointments in 1991. This paper focuses on reasons why so few females hold such leadership positions. In-depth interviews were conducted with 27 female physical education teachers to document their career experiences and aspirations, and the barriers they perceived to promotion in physical education. Analysis revealed that constraints on the promotion of females were based primarily on stereotypic attitudes and expectations regarding gender-roles. Career decision-making was based on personal experiences, and positive or negative perceptions regarding promotion created from these experiences either reinforced career aspirations, or led to self-limiting beliefs and values which deterred their advancement.