Teaching a Course in Counseling Theories and Practice: Description and Evaluation

This article describes and evaluates an innovative way to teach a counseling theories and practices course to beginning counseling students. Cognitive and affective learning processes, continuous and systematic feedback, small group dynamics, and a cross-sectional approach to teaching theoretical concepts and techniques are described. This approach was implemented by using the following instructional format: didactic, demonstration, task simulation, and self-exploration. Evaluation included self—peer, student-staff, and staff-student evaluations and used measures obtained from six instrumented indices. Results suggest that this approach might be a useful alternative to teaching the traditional didactic course in theories and practices of counseling.     

CORRELATES OF UNWARRANTED CONFIDENCE IN RESPONSES TO OBJECTIVE TEST ITEMS

Investigated were the effects of several variables on the expression of unwarranted confidence in the accuracy of responses to objective test items. A final examination was administered to 72 subjects under confidence-weighting instructions with two levels of penalty for incorrect responses. A 2-way ANOVA revealed no significant main effects or interaction attributable to level of penalty or sex. Although increased penalty level had no effect on confidence-expression, the test's reliability decreased from .85 to .39, and the correlation between conventional and weighted scores dropped from .88 to .095.     

A Survey of Comprehensive Examination Practices Among Doctoral Programs in Counseling

Doctoral programs in counseling were surveyed concerning their comprehensive examination practices. Most programs require examinations, but practices vary widely regarding degree of structure and procedures.     

10 US Compames Missing the Earnings Boom

如果说有什么关于经济的好消息的话,那么当属各大公司开始大幅盈利这一条了。根据汤姆森露透科技信息集团发布的信息,80％的S＆P500（标准普尔500指数）公司的盈利颧都超过了华尔街分析师的预算额。这是汤姆森路透社自1994年开始追踪此类信息以来获取的最令人惊喜的数据。尽管如此,仍有14％的大企业的表现不像华尔街分析师预测得那么好。有的尽管发展缓慢。但至少也在盈利;而有的就是完全亏损运营,无法扭转局面。下面就是美国10大表现欠佳的公司：     

Teaching Phonological Awareness and Metacognitive Strategies to Children with Reading Difficulties: A comparison of two instructional methods

This paper describes an applied training study which investigated the differential effects of two instructional methods on the reading performance of primary school children with reading difficulties. Sixty five children aged 7-10 participated. Twenty five children were assigned to each of two experimental groups: direct instruction in phonological awareness and the alphabetic principle, or the same direct instruction in phonological awareness in conjunction with training in specific metalinguistic concepts and metacognitive strategies. Fifteen children were selected as controls. Reading performance from baseline was measured within a pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest experimental design. Data and results are presented on 60 children owing to attrition. Results showed that direct instruction in phonological awareness improved the reading performance of children with reading difficulties over time. However, direct instruction in phonological awareness in conjunction with explicit training in specific metalinguistic concepts and metacognitive strategies was more advantageous overall.