一种可并行逆向工程处理的设计模式

建立一种可并行逆向工程处理的抽象机设计模式,并通过测试说明使用该模式可以减少处理时间。     

Preschool children’s conceptions of water,molecule, and chemistry before and after participating in a playfully dramatized early childhood education activity

The present study reports an empirical investigation into concept formation of young children. Based on interviews conducted before and after participating in a playfully enacted chemistry lesson at a culture center, it is analyzed how 6-year-old children conceptualize water, molecule, and chemistry. Theoretically, the study is informed by Vygotsky’s cultural-historical perspective on concept formation. The empirical data consist of pre- and post-interviews with children and documentation of their participation in the intermediate activity. This documentation is used in the post-interviews as a mutual ground for talking with the children about what they remember and how they understand the activity they participated in and what the activity intended to illustrate. The results are presented in terms of three inductively generated categories: ‘everyday’, ‘experientially-based’, and ‘generalized experiences’ concepts, respectively. The implications of these findings for early childhood chemistry (science) education are discussed.

     

基于虚拟现实技术的救助船对外消防培训仿真系统

针对救助船消防训练中存在的海况复杂,对外消防炮射流受风影响大,往往无法准确控制其射向目标区域的问题,在理想状态下射流理论的基础上探究风对射流轨迹的影响,建立自然风条件下射流轨迹的数学模型,模拟对外消防炮射流的运动情况。应用3ds Max构建船舶模型,用Unity3D构建救助船在面临大风浪、遇险船着火等状况时对外消防系统的工作场景,提出一种精确构建粒子系统轨迹的方法,使射流模型能精确体现在场景中。通过虚拟现实设备能实现救助船对外消防培训仿真系统的立体显示和人机交互,起到更好的虚拟仿真和培训效果。     

Teachers’ enactment of policy in classrooms: making students accountable through inscriptions from the curriculum in classroom interactions

The purpose of this paper is to examine the complex relationships between educational policy and classroom practice. By employing a sociocultural perspective, we examine formulations inscribed in socio-material artifacts about what students should learn and how they should engage with knowledge. We explore how these formulations are mobilized in instructional work and the implications this activity has for student participation. To address this issue, we analyzed video data of how teachers invoke competence aims from the national curriculum in their instructional work in six classrooms. The analytical procedures were derived from interaction analysis. The analysis focuses on how such formulations explicitly mediate social interaction as it unfolds on a micro level. The findings show that competence aims gain different functions as they are mobilized in classroom practice; in other words, they serve different purposes in teachers’ instructional work and anticipate different modes of student participation. In this study, the competence aims were (a) invoked as a source of authority, (b) translated into instructions, and (c) mobilized to obtain social order in the classroom. More rarely, the competence aims were used in meta-level discussions, where they functioned to reach agreements on how to pursue work toward joint goals. We discuss the implications of these ways of invoking competence aims for student participation.

     

浙江省耕地数量演变及其驱动力研究

选取了近25年浙江省耕地面积统计数据,利用GIS技术、主成分分析,研究了浙江省近25年来耕地面积变化的总体趋势、空间差异和驱动力。结果表明:改革开放以来,浙江省耕地变化总体呈逐年下降趋势且耕地变化空间差异较大;经济增长是形成浙江省耕地数量变化的主要宏观驱动因子,耕地快速减少在发生时间上与经济发展的增长基本同步;在空间分布上具有与地区间经济发展速度和水平的差异相一致的特点。     

Measurement Invariance of Socioeconomic Status Across Migrational Background

Socioeconomic status (SES) is often used as control variable when relations between academic outcomes and students' migrational background are investigated. When measuring SES, indicators used must have the same meaning across groups. This study aims to examine the measurement invariance of SES, using data from TIMSS, 2003. The study shows that a latent SES variable has the same meaning across sub-populations with Swedish and non-Swedish background. However, the assumption of scalar invariance was rejected, which is essential for estimation of differences in latent means between groups. Comparisons between models assuming different degrees of scalar invariance indicated that models allowing partial scalar invariance should not be used when comparing latent variable means across groups of students with different migrational backgrounds.     

遥感与GIS支持下的中国森林植被动态变化分析

为了研究中国森林植被的时空变化 ,该文在遥感技术与GIS技术的支持下 ,对中国近 5a来森林植被动态变化进行了定量研究。首先通过空间分析 ,对森林植被的空间分布格局进行了分析。同时通过空间差异分析、流失流向分析以及重心迁移分析 ,对森林植被的时空变化进行了分析 ,并对森林植被时空变化的机制与驱动因子进行了探讨。分析结果表明 :我国土地利用格局主要由草地、林地、未利用地和耕地为主 ,其中 ,草地面积最大 ,林地与草地在空间分布上都存在纬度、经度和垂直方向上的三度空间规律性变化 ;5a中林草地变化的总趋势是减少的 ,耕地的增加主要以减少林草地为代价的 ,5a间林地重心向西南方向迁移 4km ,草地重心向南偏西方向迁移 2 .7km ;经济发展加速、人类活动增强是导致林草地减少的主要原因。     

西部农村教育现状、问题及其思考

西部农村教育是中国教育改革和发展的重点,目前已取得了历史性的进展,普及义务教育正在全面展开,基础教育管理体制初步形成。但是西部农村教育又是中国教育改革和发展的难点,教育投资体制不健全,税费改革给现存的农村教育投资格局以重大冲击,缺乏一支数量充足、质量优良、相对稳定的教师队伍,形势严峻,急需从理顺投资体制、加强师资队伍建设、更新教育观念方面予以综合治理。     

现代化进程中的中国社会体育

中国正在经历一场前所未有的现代化变革。作为发展中国家，中国第一、二次现代化的并行使中国城乡居民生活方式的变革剧烈而深刻，并对社会体育提出了新的要求。《全民健身计划纲要》的实施顺应了当前现代化的进程，并极大地推动了社会体育的发展。中国的社会体育正进入一个新的历史发展时期。     

《政治自由主义》以后的罗尔斯

目前国内在罗尔斯的研究仍停留在地《正义论》和《政治自由主义》，而对他在《政治自由主义》出版以后的活动和思想的介绍研究仍是一个空白，据此本首先介绍了罗尔斯在这个时期的述和社会活动，然后从其新近出版的《人民法》提炼出他的弱势国家观和现实乌托邦思想的精华－－人民法原则。