Coping in the Dark: Counseling Adults with Visual Impairments

As our population ages, the number of adults with visual impairments grows proportionately. This article explores this population and discusses suggestions for counselor education.     

Engineering Design Simulation: A Computer-based Teaching Environment

In engineering education, design provides an excellent project-based environment in which to teach the fundamentals of synthesis, analysis and decision-making. It is proposed to create a computer-based teaching tool which provides a close simulation of the design environment. All activities of design, i. e. problem definition, conceptualizing, analysis, decision-making and documentation, are envisioned to be part of the simulation, which should be flexible in its use and highly interactive, with the student in full control for maximum learning benefit. While some real difficulties are foreseen in simulating the conceptual and intuitive areas of the design process, the more structured aspects of the design process are already computerized in engineering practice. Restricting the proposed simulation to a specific field of design should make the development of such a teaching tool entirely possible     

A code of ethics for European health librarians: the points of departure

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Cohort analysis of writing in Year 7 following two,four and seven years of the National Literacy Strategy

At 11 years of age, English students in secondary schools are expected to make no more than five spelling errors per 100 words and write at a speed of 25 words per minute in order to cope with the curriculum. This research found that at least one third of the Year 7 cohorts (ages 11–12) in three typical suburban secondary schools were unable to meet the spelling criterion and 12% or more were so poor they were in the dyslexic category. Over 95% could not meet the handwriting speed criterion and boys were more than 10% slower than girls. Fluency and speed in writing are essential underpinning skills contributing to spelling accuracy and compositional ability in examination performance. Their role in underachievement across the ability range appears greater than suspected for the difficulties observed so far go far wider than amongst children identified with SEN, such as those with dyslexia and developmental co‐ordination difficulties (DCD), sometimes called dyspraxia. Interventions which teachers in general might undertake are indicated. The research is ongoing.     

剖析潮流

Time was, a fashion-conscious body would dare don(穿上) a sweat suit only while curled up in first class. No longer. Sweats are in for the fashion cognoscenti(行家,鉴赏家), from smart, casual moms to partying celebrities. And for boldface(黑体字) types, they' re not just to own. There's hardly a hip-hop star without an eponymous (齐名的) line of hoodies(头巾,风帽) and pants. So who's responsible for breathing new life into the long- reviled (斥责) ensemble? The answer depends on how far back you want to go.     

School Choice Policies in England and the United States: An exploration of their origins and significance

This paper notes some similarities between school choice policies in England and the US and considers how far any convergences can be explained, on the one hand, by broader social changes and, on the other, by evidence of policy exchange. In the first case, it discusses the usefulness of concepts such as post-Fordism and post-modernity and indicates their limitations. In the second case, it identifies relevant neoliberal policy networks within and between the two countries but finds more evidence of the use of overseas examples to legitimate policies at home than it does of direct policy borrowing. Reflecting upon both sets of explanations, it argues for a clearer conceptualisation of the relationship between accounts of the micro-politics of policy making and macro-level theories of change.     

School Governance in the New South Africa

This article examines the early experience of the school governing bodies established in South Africa following the 1996 South African Schools Act. It relates the emergence of school governance to wider issues of democracy and participation and assesses the composition of governing bodies, notably the inclusion of learners. Governing bodies' powers include provision to set fees, subject to parental approval, and the paper examines how this requirement impacts on the resources available to different types of school, and the implications for equity and equality. Governing bodies also determine their own admissions policies, and the paper explores how this provision has led to school populations differentiated by class and race. The relationships between lay governors and school principals are examined to see if the Act's plan to separate governance and professional management has been achieved in practice. The paper concludes that, despite the significant difficulties facing the educational system in South Africa, governing bodies provide a good prospect of enhancing local democracy and improving the quality of education for all learners.