The neural correlates of working memory training in typically developing children

Working memory training improves children's cognitive performance on untrained tasks; however, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. This was investigated in 32 typically developing children aged 10–14 years (19 girls and 13 boys) using a randomized controlled design and multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (Devon, UK; 2015–2016). Training improved working memory performance and increased intrinsic functional connectivity between the bilateral intraparietal sulci. Furthermore, improvements in working memory were associated with greater recruitment of the left middle frontal gyrus on a complex span task. Repeated engagement of fronto-parietal regions during training may increase their activity and functional connectivity over time, affording greater working memory performance. The plausibility of generalizable cognitive benefits from a neurobiological perspective and implications for neurodevelopmental theory are discussed.     

近二十年国内学分银行研究综述

目前,国内关于学分银行的研究主要经历了理论探索、建设实践和完善制度这三个阶段,相应的研究热点也围绕这三个阶段展开.如今国家正在加大力度建设学分银行制度,对于它的研究也应更深入,以便更快更准地掌握学分银行制度的发展现状.基于此,对学分银行制度进行研究,并提出以下几点建议:追溯基础理论,界定概念;加强国家顶层设计,健全管理体系;突破制度研究障碍,整合实践成果;纳入终身教育体系,打破领域壁垒.     

Connecting inside out: Development of the social brain in infants and toddlers with a focus on myelination as a marker of brain maturation

Early childhood is a sensitive period for learning and social skill development. The maturation of cerebral regions underlying social processing lays the foundation for later social-emotional competence. This study explored myelin changes in social brain regions and their association with changes in parent-rated social-emotional development in a cohort of 129 children (64 females, 0–36 months, 77 White). Results reveal a steep increase in myelination throughout the social brain in the first 3 years of life that is significantly associated with social-emotional development scores. These findings add knowledge to the emerging picture of social brain development by describing neural underpinnings of human social behavior. They can contribute to identifying age-/stage-appropriate early life factors in this developmental domain.     

The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3 years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R² ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens. Institutions’ body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.     

Modeling the Pathways to Self-Confidence for Graduate School in Computing

Research in Higher Education - Given the significant need to increase and diversify graduate enrollments within computing fields, it is vital to understand what shapes students’ pathways to...     

加拿大孕期体力活动指南（2019）解读与启示

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等对加拿大孕期体力活动指南（2019）研制背景、方法和内容等进行分析，探究其特点和规律。主要结论：（1）孕期体力活动指南是目前该研究领域研究成果的继承和完善，重视不同类型体力活动与健康相关证据的收集，依据专家组共识、文献分析、体力活动与健康的剂量-效应关系，并通过公共意见咨询，确保指标制定过程的科学性、严谨性、适用性；（2）采用质量控制方法研制孕期体力活动指南，为受众群体提供合理化的体力活动强度、活动方式及活动安全防控等内容。建议：在“健康中国2030”目标引领下，应尽快研制我国孕期体力活动指南，为孕期体力活动提供科学依据，构建体医融合的服务模式     

Meeting Information Needs through Global Partnerships: A Roadmap to Becoming a Global Health Sciences Library

Abstract

Supporting global health priorities through the development of robust health science librarianship partnerships is of significant importance. Increased demand for synthesizing evidence-based information, collating quality resources, and increasing research productivity to improve human health requires integration of library and information science skills and expertise. The Health Sciences Library (HSL) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), exists to be an indispensable partner in health information and knowledge, teaching and learning, and research. As global efforts at UNC expanded, the HSL sought to ensure that our global engagement strategy and integration were aligned with campus priorities and partner needs. The HSL created a global research partnership plan: identify resources that improve efficiency, increase access to information, build in-country capacity and expertise—all while strengthening collaborations across multiple countries. Creating a meaningful and sustainable engagement strategy was central to envisioning our path forward and can be used as a framework for consideration by librarians in similar settings.     

智能时代多语种信息处理技术的创新与发展 ——访中国工程院院士吾守尔·斯拉木教授

吾守尔·斯拉木院士阐述了多语种信息处理技术的发展现状,围绕新兴技术与多语种智能信息处理的结合对教育的影响、民族语言信息化在"一带一路"建设中的特色和优势,以及多语种智能信息处理的产学研一体化发展等方面提出了诸多有价值的建议.吾守尔院士团队开拓了计算机民文信息处理新领域,突破和解决了民文信息处理领域的许多关键理论及核心技术;分析了大数据和人工智能技术在多语种智能信息处理中的应用,研发了智能双语教学系统,有效解决了民族教育发展不均衡、优质教育资源不能充分利用的问题;结合"一带一路"倡议,建设教育信息化"丝绸之路",针对不同沿线国家共建需要开展"多语种+"跨文化教育;分析了人工智能与多语种智能信息化处理相融合的交叉学科对学科建设和人才培养的影响.     

The resilience of scientific publication: From elite ancient academies to open access

• Scientific publication has been a key part of the scientific method since the inception of Philosophical Transactions in 1665.
• The scientific publications industry has grown exponentially along with science, incorporating technological innovations along the way, and adapting journal processes and practices to changing needs of science as it matured.
• Of all the technological innovations over more than 300 years, the move to online journals may be the most significant, making open access to content practical for the first time.
• The open‐access movement is disrupting the economics of journal publishing, which is hoped will make the industry more competitive: the ability of the publications industry to adapt to open access will be a measure of its resilience.
• The demand for articles published in reputable journals continues to grow as readers trust the credibility of peer reviewed journal articles, and good authors value the prestige of publishing in the best journals.
• It is difficult to predict what new functionalities may be included in articles of the future or what additional services publishers and editors will provide, but there is every reason to believe that scientific journal articles are here to stay.