Assessing Using Grade-related Criteria: A single currency for universities?

The main focus of this paper is assessment. It raises questions concerning the aims and purposes of testing and the means by which it is done. Assessment has four main roles: formative, to provide support for future learning; summative, to provide information about performance at the end of a course; certification, selecting by means of qualification; evaluative, a means by which stakeholders can judge the effectiveness of the system as a whole. For universities, the different roles of assessment can create tensions: awarding more first class degrees may indicate rising standards of teaching and learning or precisely the opposite. In the UK, universities have been criticised for not having marking and grading systems that are robust, whilst evidence from the Higher Education Statistics Agency revealed the number of first class honours degrees awarded in UK universities ranged from 21.1% in mathematical sciences to 4.1% in business and administrative studies and 3.7% in law. Even within institutions there is also a considerable variation in degree classification, which appears to have little relationship to any measure of input. Furthermore, evidence based on analysis of modular degree schemes in the UK indicates that there is considerable variation in the formulae that are used to award honours degrees even within a single university. This paper will evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a grade-related criterion common grading scheme using data obtained from staff and students at one UK university and examine the implications of such a scheme for the maintenance and enhancement of standards.     

远程网络教学系统中的主客体关系研究——从系统论角度看师生关系

把远程网络教学作为一个系统来考虑,研究其中的主客体关系一直是现代远程教育基础理论研究的一个重要课题。作为远程网络教学活动中的复合主体,教师和学生应该充分发挥其主体性,从各个角度改善和发挥系统功能。这方面研究既有重要的理论意义,也具有重大的现实意义。     

我国高等教育发展规模的现状和潜力分析

无论从高等教育毛入学率 ,还是从成年人口的预期平均受教育程度来看 ,我国高等教育发展规模的实际值与模拟值相比较 ,均存在着一定的差距。根据 1 993至 1 998年的高校招生数据 ,分析当前我国高等教育的潜在规模 ,发现普通高等教育的实际规模水平与潜在规模之间存在较大的差距     

将核心力量训练融入短跑项目训练中的思考

核心力量训练是一种新兴的训练方法,其功能主要是稳定人体核心部位、控制重心、传递力量,可以弥补人体核心区域在传统训练中的不足.通过对核心力量的阐释,及对现代短跑技术的理论解析,在理论上分析核心力量训练融入短跑的专项训练的重要作用,提出核心力量训练融入短跑项目训练中的若干见解,以及训练中应注意的几点问题.