我国上市商业银行内控制度现状及完善对策探讨

进入21世纪以来,中国银行业不断走向市场化、自主化,在外部监管理念不断淡化的背景下,国内商业银行尤其是上市商业银行为应对不断推动的国际化需要不断改善内部的管理监控,内部控制制度是这一改变的关键。通过分析发现,我国商业银行目前主要在信息披露、组织规划、内控文化三方面存在较大的问题,信息披露需要市场化和监管从自觉披露和被动披露两方面共同促进,组织规划要建立权责分明的组织体系并严格实施,内控文化要提高到银行战略的高度,引起全行从领导到员工的重视。本文旨在希望国内银行业能不断提升总体实力,最终能够与国际银行业接轨。本文虽然是针对上市商业银行内控制度建设的建议,但对非上市商业银行建立内控体系也有一定的参考价值。     

Synthesis and characterization of HDI/MDI-polycarbonate urethanes

A novel polycarbonate urethane was synthesized by the two-stage solution process of diisocyanates with polycarbonate diols(PCDL),in which PCDL,1,4-butanediol(BD) and mixture of 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocy-anate and hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI) were soft segment,chain extender and rigid segment,respectively.The structures were characterized by using FTIR and 1H-NMR.The thermoanalysis and mechanical properties of products were measured by means of DSC,TG and other systems.The result shows that an import...     

Preparation and Investigation of High-Efficiency Antibacterial Liquid Dishwashing Detergent

A high-efficiency liquid dishwashing detergent was prepared by using oregano essential oil as an antibacterial agent. The surface cleaning and antibacterial property of the detergent resolved its unifunctionality problem. The antibacterial activities of the detergent were demonstrated through a disk diffusion assay and wipe experiments with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed that the prepared detergent was highly effective against E. coli and S. aureus. The results of chemical accelerated tests indicated that the detergent would be effective for at least 1 year. The antibacterial property and detergency performance of the high-efficiency antibacterial liquid dishwashing detergent were compared with those of a commercial antibacterial detergent containing 0.02% o-phenylphenol. The detergency performance of the high-efficiency detergent reached 97.8% and was superior to that of the commercial antibacterial detergent.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Copolymers Based on 3 （S）-Methyl-Morpholine-2,5-Dione

A series of novel copolymers were successfully synthesized by ring-opening polymerization(ROP) of 3(S)-methyl-morpholine-2,5-dione(MMD) and 5-methyl-5-benzyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one(MBC) using stannous octoate as catalyst.The copolymers were characterized by means of 1 H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy.Gel permeation chromatography(GPC) test shows that the average-number relative molecular mass and average-weight relative molecular mass slightly increase with the increase of MBC content in feed.The results of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) demonstrate that the glass transition temperature of copolymers increases with the increase of MBC content in copolymers.The copolymers of MMD and MBC are amorphous copolymers,as indicated by DSC results,while the homopolymer of MMD is semicrystalline.     

Ionic Liquid-Complex Pd/C System as Catalyst for Copolymerization of CO and Styrene简

The copolymerization of CO and styrene catalyzed by Pd/C toward the formation of polyketones(PK)was studied in the N-valeronitrile-N'-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([C4CNmim]+PF-6) medium. The synthesized PK was characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR), elemental analysis, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance(13C-NMR), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and gel permeation chromatography(GPC). The supported ionic liquid film on the surface of Pd/C catalyst can prevent the products from covering the hole of active carbon due to its chemical stability and weak coordination ability with metal ions, and thus efficiently improve the catalytic activity. The effects of different amounts of ionic liquid on the catalytic activity and reusability of the catalyst and the molecular weight of PK were discussed. When the usage of ionic liquid is 10wt%(0.1 g ionic liquid / 1 g active carbon carrier) and the theoretical content of Pd2+ is 5wt%(0.05 g Pd2+/ 1 g active carbon carrier), the highest catalytic activity 2 963.64 gSTCO/(gPd·h) is achieved with the molecular weight and polydispersity index of PK as Mn=9 684, Mw=13 452 and Mw /Mn=1.389.     

Surface modification of polycarbonate urethane by covalent linkage of heparin with a PEG spacer

Heparin was grafted onto polycarbonate urethane (PCU) surface via a three-step procedure utilizing α, ωdiamino-poly(ethylene glycol) (APEG, M n =2 000) as a spacer. In the first step, isocyanate functional groups were introduced onto PCU surface by the treatment of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in the presence of di-n-butyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as a catalyst. In the second step, APEG was linked to the PCU surface to obtain the APEG conjugated PCU surface (PCU-APEG). In the third step, heparin was covalently coupled with PCU-APEG in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamidopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC). The amount of heparin (1.639 μg/cm 2 ) covalently immobilized on the PCU-APEG surface was determined by the toluidine blue method. The modified surface was characterized by water contact angle, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hemocompatibility was preliminarily studied by platelet adhesion test. The results indicated that heparin was successfully grafted onto the PCU surface, and meanwhile the hydrophilicity and hemocompatibility of the modified PCU surface were improved significantly compared with the blank PCU surface.     

Synthesis and characterization of degraded gelatin grafted poly(ɛ-caprolactone) copolymers

Hydrophilic degraded gelatin was modified with hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) via a chemical grafting route.Firstly,PCL with one hydroxyl end group was prepared by the ring-opening polymerization of εcaprolactone (ε-CL) with tin (Ⅱ) 2-ethylhexanoate as catalyst and n-butyl alcohol as initiator.Secondly,the PCL reacted with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to prepare PCL with isocyanate functional group (PCL-NCO).Hydroxylamine was used to degrade gelatin by the cleavage between asparagine and glycine residues of gelatin.PCL-NCO reacted with the hydroxyl/amino groups of degraded gelatin in a homogeneous system and yielded the PCL modified gelatin copolymers.The gelatin grafted PCL copolymers were measured by means of XRD,FTIR,DSC and 1 H NMR.The results confirmed the conjugation of PCL onto gelatin chains.The PCL modified gelatin can be used as biomaterials owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradation.