The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3 years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R² ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens. Institutions’ body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.     

A Bioethos for Bodies: Respecting a Priceless Resource

The value that willed body donors provide to medical education is priceless. Their precious gift helps to teach anatomy, spatial relationships between morphological structures, anatomical variation, and professionalism to medical students in a way that plastic models, podcasts, and lectures cannot. They are also an important resource for medical research and a wide variety of postgraduate training opportunities. While many body donation programs throughout the world are nonprofit organizations, there are body donation companies in the United States that sell donors for-profit. These “body brokers” have accumulated large profits from this business. It is incongruous that others would profit from such a priceless, freely donated gift. To prevent this incongruity, it is proposed that the international anatomical community develop a normative culture (a bioethos) for body donation programs. This would involve the conscious and systematic development of ethical principles for the day-to-day policies and practices of institutions that collect and use human bodies. With the development of this bioethos, a cultural shift in how donors are treated would occur and, over time, this would become the normal practice. These principles would become fundamental and foundational for the procurement and use of priceless human tissues.     

Recording the war effort: immigrant communities in Latin America and the memory of the Great War

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to analyse the initiatives undertaken by some immigrant communities residing in Latin America to record their mobilisation around the First World War. After the armistice, European communities in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and other countries gathered detailed information about their activities during the conflict, published as profusely illustrated books of remembrance, offered to their governments as proof of their loyalty. The article intends to establish the peculiar nature of these publications as records of the war effort, and analyse the agents and processes of their elaboration, and their role as commemorative but also as archival documents.     

高校数字图书馆现状及思考

对我国高等院校数字图书馆建设的现状进行了总结，对存在的问题做了比较分析、研究，提出了优化高等院校数字图书馆建设的几点建议。     

《普通高等学校图书馆规程(修订)》学习体会

论述了学习《普通高等学校图书馆规程(修订)》的体会，分析了(普通高等学校图书馆规程(修订)》对新形势下高校图书馆数字化献资源建设和服务、特色建设和资源共享、“学科馆员”的培养、网络建设和献信息传递的强调和重视。     

浅谈网络对电影发行方式的影响

网络的出现与广泛运用,为电影的发行又提供了一个新的便捷的渠道,制片商和发行商纷纷利用网络进行宣传、交易、 配送、放映和结算。电影的发行方式越来越呈现出网络化的趋势。     

对体育科技期刊封页设计的分析及探讨

通过对44种2002年出版发行的体育科技期刊的封面设计形式,封面、封底标识,封二、封三刊载内容调查,从中发现我国体育科技期刊封页设计的整体水平有所提高,但一定程度上存在对封面设计不够重视的情况,美术编辑的艺术创作能力有待提高。     

城市居民休闲化趋势与大众体育的开发和指导

从 3个层面分析了开发体育的休闲功能与开发休闲培训对休闲文化产生的意义 ,休闲服务将从标准化和集中化转向个性化服务发展 ,发展、健全健身娱乐市场 ,能进一步满足人们日趋多元化、高质量的休闲生活的需要。     

论艺术体操的美学特征

艺术体操是典型的难美技能类运动项目。它的美不是简单地呈现人体的自然形态,而是通过运动赋予特殊的美的特征。本文运用有关美学原理,结合艺术体操运动及运动员的特点,对艺术体操的美学特征进行初步探讨。     

"武科应试器械"考论

从体育文化角度对古代“武科”考试内容、应试器械等进行系统研究。结果显示:“武科”,又称“武举”,创立于唐武则天长安二年(702年),废于清末光绪二十七年(1901年8月29日),历经一千二百年。考试分外场(以长垛、马射、步射、刀术、枪术、翘关等体育项目为主)和内场(策论)。唐“武科”主要外场器械为弓箭,辅从刀、枪等。宋以弓箭刀枪为主同时将弩踏等作为考试项目。明代“武科”项目沿袭唐宋,外场器械未有变化。清代开始增加了“技勇”项目,分别为开硬弓、舞大刀、掇石。课题研究旨在为我国民族传统体育学的长足发展提供实质性的理论文献资料。