The unfinished assignment: Educating Moroccan women for development

Western theories of development, and the resulting strategies and planning represent major structural barriers to Moroccan Women's Liberation. The author advocates a shift from current anti-participatory strategies to a new people-oriented approach, emphasizing the multiple roles of women within an integrated strategy. This involves linking educational projects with other parts of the infrastructure.Morocco's way out of exogenous development, the author contends, is contingent upon an adequate management of the educational system both at the institutional and personal levels. Therefore, educating women can be considered asine qua non in optimizing conditions leading to endogenous development. The foundation is the establishment or strengthening of a whole infrastructure for the creation, transmission, and application of alternative methods likely to sustain socio-economic opportunities leading to Morocco's self-reliance.

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Zusammenfassung Westliche Entwicklungstheorien und die darauf aufbauenden Entwicklungsstrategien und -planungen sind die hauptsächlichen strukturellen Barrieren für die marokkanische Frauenbefreiung. Die Verfasserin befürwortet eine Abkehr von den derzeitigen anti-partizipatorischen Strategien zu einem neuen volksorientierten Ansatz, indem sie die Vielzahl der Rollen der Frauen innerhalb einer integrierten Struktur betont, d.h. daß pädagogische Projekte mit anderen Teilen der Infrastruktur verknüpft werden.Die Verfasserin behauptet, daß Morokkos Ausweg aus seiner exogenen Entwicklung von einer adäquaten Leitung des Erziehungssystems sowohl auf den institutionellen als auch auf den persönlichen Ebenen abhängig ist. Die Frauenbildung ist daher eine unerläßliche Voraussetzung für die Optimierung der Bedingungen, die zu einer endogenen Entwicklung führen; ein tragender Bestandteil ist die Errichtung bzw. Stärkung einer ganzen Infrastruktur, die zur Schaffung, Übertragung und Anwendung alternativer Methoden überleitet, welche die zu Marokkos Unabhängigkeit führenden sozio-ökonomischen Möglichkeiten aufrecht erhält.

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Résumé Les théories occidentales de développment, et les stratégies de développement et de planification qui en découlent représentent les principaux obstacles structuraux à la libération de la femme marocaine. L'auteur préconise le passage des stratégies actuelles anti-participatoires vers un nouveau paradigme orienté vers le peuple en traduisant une nouvelle approche holistique en une stratégie intégrée: c'est-à-dire en liant les entreprises éducatives aux autres environnements de la société.La sortie du Maroc du développement exogène, affirme-t-elle, est dépendante d'une gestion du système d'éducation aux niveaux institutionnel comme idiographique (personnel). Par conséquent, l'éducation des femmes est la conditionsine qua non de l'optimalisation des circonstances conduisant à un développement endogène; l'établissement et le renforcement de toute une infrastructure pour la création, la transmission et l'application de nouveaux outils intellectuels capables de soutenir les occasions socio-économiques qui favoriseront l'auto-développement au Maroc.

     

Additive Effect of Lipid Lowering Drug (Simvastatin) in Combination with Antidiabetic Drug (Glibenclamide) on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats with Long Term Dyslipidemia

High blood glucose level, elevated level of liver enzyme, necrosis and shrinkage of islets of Langerhans has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. High blood glucose cause oxidative stress, production of free radical as well as elevated SGPT and SGOT level. Both glibenclamide and simvastatin in fixed dose used as antihyperglycemic antidyslipidemic and antioxidative agents for type 2 diabetes treatment. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic and antioxidative effect of fixed dose combination of glibenclamide (0.6 mg/70 kg body weight) and simvastatin (5 mg/70 kg body weight) on long term alloxan induced diabetic rats with cardiovascular disease using various diagnostic kits as a parameter of phamacotherapeutic and pharmacological effect. The study was carried out using 96 Swiss Albino male rats weighing about 200–220 g. Combination therapy induced a significant decrease in blood glucose level in alloxan induced diabetic rats, from 33.75 ± 1.65 to 5.80 ± 0.07 mmol/l 2 h after last dose administration, after 4 weeks treatment. In case of dyslipidemic effect, combination therapy reduced total cholesterol (45 %), triglyceride (36 %) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (32 %) levels significantly and increased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level (57 %) in comparison with their respective diabetic control groups. Results of this study showed that combination therapy effectively decreased SGPT (ALAT) (55 %) and SGOT (ASAT) (51 %) in comparison with diabetic control group. It was also observed that catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity was increased by 58 and 91 % respectively in comparison with diabetic control group after 4 weeks treatment with combination of both drugs. In conclusion, these findings of combination therapy (glibenclamide and simvastatin) on alloxan induced diabetes in rats are significantly better than monotherapy using single drug. The results of the present study suggest that, combination of the fixed dose of glibenclamide and simvastatin might be efficacious in patients with diabetic dyslipidemia and increased oxidative stress. Furthermore, this combination therapy offer dosage convenience to the patients and by virtue of its dual mode of action might be a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for patients with diabetic dyslipidemia and oxidative stress.