面向发展性阅读障碍的数字阅读与纸质阅读比较研究

［目的/意义］ 通过实验法研究发展性阅读障碍儿童在数字阅读与纸质阅读环境中汉字识别能力、语素能力、语音能力和阅读理解能力的差异,为发展性阅读障碍儿童数字阅读干预提供指导。［方法/过程］ 将参与实验的学生分为发展性阅读障碍组、同生理年龄组和纸质阅读同阅读水平组三组被试群体,对实验数据进行相关性分析,对比三组被试在阅读相关认知能力方面的差异。［结果/结论］ 在汉字识别能力、语素能力和语音能力方面,三组被试在数字阅读时的表现均逊于纸质阅读,其中发展性阅读障碍儿童受数字媒介的影响最大。在阅读理解能力方面,仅发展性阅读障碍儿童在数字阅读时阅读理解测试的表现差于纸质阅读,其余两组均在数字阅读时测试成绩更佳。     

阅读媒介会导致发展性阅读障碍吗——一项面向学龄儿童群体的实证研究

随着数字技术的发展,多元化阅读媒体影响着读者的阅读行为、阅读方法和阅读认知能力。本研究采用实验法,以学龄儿童为被试对象,对其纸质阅读与数字阅读的表现进行分析,探究阅读媒介对各项阅读认知能力产生的影响,以及儿童在自然条件下使用纸质媒介和数字媒介进行阅读时发展性阅读障碍发生率的差异,为发展性阅读障碍阅读干预研究提供参考。研究发现,阅读媒介会影响发展性阅读障碍的发生率,数字媒介环境下发展性阅读障碍的发生率明显高于纸质媒介环境。采用数字媒介阅读时,发展性阅读障碍儿童语音能力比纸质阅读时的表现逊色,汉字识别能力、同音语素能力、多义语素能力、阅读理解能力则不存在显著差异。同时,实验还发现存在一类儿童——数字媒介性阅读障碍儿童,他们在纸质阅读时并未表现出阅读困难,而在数字阅读时表现出持续性阅读困难,该类儿童的汉字识别能力、语素能力、语音能力和阅读理解能力均受到数字媒介的影响。图2。表6。参考文献36。     

增加助跑步数对男子跳远运动员踏跳动作运动学指标的影响

目的:探讨不同助跑步数对男子跳远运动员跳跃距离、踏跳时间、踏跳指数、身体前旋角速度等踏跳动作运动学指标的影响。方法:募集12名男子跳远运动员,采取不同助跑步数 (6—16步) 完成踏跳动作,利用高速摄像机测量助跑与踏跳时身体重心速度,并计算出相应参数。结果:①随着助跑步数的增加,跳跃距离增加,踏跳时间缩短;②长助跑 (12—16步)与短助跑 (6—10步)跳跃距离比与助跑速度比之间未存在显著性相关关系 (p＞0.05),而与踏跳时间比之间存在显著性负相关 (p＜0.05);③相比于短助跑,长助跑踏跳指数显著减小,踏跳时垂直速度相当,水平速度损失量也显著大于短助跑 (p＜0.05);④ 踏跳时间比与踏跳角度变化量之间存在显著性正相关 (p＜ 0.05),而与平均前旋角速度比之间存在显著性负相关 (p＜0.05);⑤长距离助跑过程中水平速度损失量与身体平均前旋角速度间存在显著性负相关 (p＜0.05),下肢蹬伸速度与踏跳指数之间存在显著性正相关 (p＜0.05)。结论:在6—16步范围内,随助跑步数增加,助跑速度增加,但与跳跃距离增加未存在相关关系;在进行长距离助跑时,缩短踏跳时间,减少水平速度损失的同时提高垂直速度,能够有效提高跳跃距离;在踏跳过程中减小身体前旋的角度可以有效缩短踏跳用时,提高下肢蹬伸速度可获得较大垂直速度。     

Wearable skin-like optoelectronic systems with suppression of motion artifacts for cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitor

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, an estimated 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, representing 31% of all global deaths. Continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) is essential for the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is difficult to achieve long-term CNAP monitoring with the daily use of current devices due to irritation of the skin as well as the lack of motion artifacts suppression. Here, we report a high-performance skin-like optoelectronic system integrated with ultra-thin flexible circuits to monitor CNAP. We introduce a theoretical model via the virtual work principle for predicting the precise blood pressure and suppressing motion artifacts, and propose optical difference in the frequency domain for stable optical measurements in terms of skin-like devices. We compare the results with the blood pressure acquired by invasive (intra-arterial) blood pressure monitoring for >1500 min in total on 44 subjects in an intensive care unit. The maximum absolute errors of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were ±7/±10 mm Hg, respectively, in immobilized, and ±10/±14 mm Hg, respectively, in walking scenarios. These strategies provide advanced blood pressure monitoring techniques, which would directly address an unmet clinical need or daily use for a highly vulnerable population.     

Removal of Toluene by Adsorption/Desorption Using Ultra-stable Y Zeolite

The adsorption performance of toluene on ultra-stable Y zeolite(USY) was studied via dynamic adsorption. The effects of bed temperature, initial concentration, and feed flow rate on adsorption were investigated. The Yoon–Nelson model was used to fit the toluene breakthrough curves. The length of mass transfer zone was calculated based on breakthrough curves. The Langmuir–Freundlich model fit the adsorption isotherms of toluene on USY, which indicated that the surface of USY was heterogeneous. The adsorption isosteric heat calculated from adsorption isotherms ranged from 54.3 to 69.8 kJ/mol, indicating physical adsorption. The combined technique of temperature swing adsorption with vacuum swing adsorption(TVSA) exhibited excellent desorption performance, which was attributed to the low desorption activation energy. Under optimized TVSA conditions, the desorption rate of toluene reached 90.6% within 10 min. The long-term cyclic utilization results indicated that the adsorption capacity of USY was stable.     

中国财政性教育经费占GDP 4%的可行性分析——国际比较的视角

通过比较分析我国与OECD主要成员国在公共财政收入、教育支出结构上的差异,可以看到我国公共财政收入占GDP的比重虽然与发达国家相比有一定差距,但差距并不大,而财政性教育支出的比例却相对偏低。要实现教育经费占GDP4%的目标,需调整财政预算支出结构,增加教育投入;提高我国预算内教育拨款占财政总支出比重;充分开发财政性教育收入中的其他来源收入。     

高职学生塑料模具课程设计的训练举措与我见

为提高高职模具专业的教学质量与实训效果,讨论了塑料模具课程设计训练的重要性,并在探寻塑料模具课程设计训练的方法的过程中提出个人的一些观点与做法.     

Replication,pathogenicity, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in minks

Minks are raised in many countries and have transmitted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to humans. However, the biologic properties of SARS-CoV-2 in minks are largely unknown. Here, we investigated and found that SARS-CoV-2 replicates efficiently in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and transmits efficiently in minks via respiratory droplets; pulmonary lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2 in minks are similar to those seen in humans with COVID-19. We further found that a spike protein-based subunit vaccine largely prevented SARS-CoV-2 replication and lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in minks. Our study indicates that minks are a useful animal model for evaluating the efficacy of drugs or vaccines against COVID-19 and that vaccination is a potential strategy to prevent minks from transmitting SARS-CoV-2.     

加强责任教育注重方法创新

方法僵化、内容空泛、实效性差是目前我国大学生责任教育面临的三个突出问题,而对大学生责任教育的内容体系构建及实施方式的研究等则是百家争鸣。本文从大学生德育教育的方法研究入手,探索增强大学生责任教育实效性的方法,丰富大学生责任教育的理论研究。     

组织学习与客户知识管理能力的关系研究——关系嵌入的调节

客户知识是通过对客户信息的比较、因果、联系、交流从而验证了关于客户的信念和承诺。强化对内外部知识网络的关系嵌入,是企业营销实践从关系管理到知识管理得以突变的关键。通过对199家企业的实证调查表明,企业对源自于内外部知识网络客户知识的组织学习,提升了企业的客户知识管理能力。特别是,企业对外部客户知识网络实现更强的关系嵌入,更有利于企业与外部客户之间的互动与信任,并为组织学习作用于客户知识管理能力的内在机制创造了良好氛围。但是,企业内部知识网络关系嵌入的增强,却带来了内部交易成本的增加,组织创新思想、机制的阻滞以及机会主义的盛行,一定程度上阻碍了组织学习对客户知识管理能力提升的效应。