中国防己科药用植物的初步调查

 The Menispermaceae is a well-known alkaloid-rich family within the flowering plants.  Because of the therapeutic value and pharmacological actions of the alkaloids, contents of its members it has, besides taxonomists also attracted the attention of chemists, pharmacists and other research workers.  In the present work, the menisper- maceous medicinal plants of this country are dealt with from their taxonomical, phy- tochemical and therapeutic aspects.      As a result of our preliminary study, out of 18 genera with some 70 species so far found in China, 15 genera with 51 species and 2 varieties are known to possess medicinal value, of which some are famous Chinese drugs, viz. Stephania tetrandra S. Moore (粉防己), Tinospora callipes Gagnep. (金果榄), Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils. (青藤); some are important folk remedies, e.g. Archangelisia loureirii (Pierre) Diels (古山龙), Stephania cepharantha Hayata (金线吊乌龟); and some are raw materials for the preparation of medicines,  e.g. Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. for tetrahydropalmatine, Stephania sinica Diels for rotundine, etc.       After a careful taxonomic examination, two new species,  Cocculus mokaingensis Lien, Pericampelos omeiensis Lien, are found and herewith discribed.       Isoquinoline alkaloids are widely distributed in the whole family.  The Trib. Aniamirteae consisting of genus Arcangelisia,  the  Trib.  Fibraureae  consisting  of genera Tinomiscium and Fibraurea, as well as the  Trib.  Tinosporeae consisting of genera Tinospora and Parabaena are charaterized by the presence of proberberine alkaloids,  e.g.  berberine,  palmatine,  jatrorrhizine,  columbamine,  etc.  and  such alkaloid-bearing plants are commonly used as antiperiodic, antidote, antibiotic, anti- malarial,  etc.  On  the  other  hand,  the  Trib.  Menispermeae  elaborates  mainly bisbenzylisoquinoline-type alkaloids, and these plants are usually used in the treatment of rheumatism, and often as an anodyne, diuretic etc.      To facilitate identification, 10 plates are here provided.     

罂粟科白屈菜族的化学分类及资源利用

The tribe Chelidonieae of Papaveraceae, consists of 8 genera and 23 species in the world.  Most species belonging to this taxon contain dominantly biologically active substances and are widely used as medicinal plants.      A chemotaxonomic study in this tribe reveals that Chelidonieae is linked to the other tribes in the presence of protopine-type alkaloids, and the ubiquitous occurrence of dehydrogenated benzophenanthridine-type alkaloids (ex. chelerythrine and sanguinarine) can be served as a chemical character of Chelidonieae.  Furthermore, our results indicate that Chelidonieae can obviously be divided into two groups:the first group, including genera Sanguinaria, Eomecon, Macleaya and Bocconia, is characterized by the absence of TLC detected aporphine-, tetrahydroberberine- and reduced benzophenanthridi netype alkaloids, and their undulatedly or palmately incised leaves, as well as short capsules.  The second group, comprising Stylophorum, Hylomecon, Dicranostigma and Chelidonium, yields predominately tetrahydroberberine- and reduced benzophenanthridinetype alkaloids, with usually deeply pinnatifid leaves, and long and slender capsules.       As regards the medical importance and the resource utilization of Chelidonieae much attention should be paid to the following alkaloids and the taxa: chelidonine (Chelidonium majus ) , isocorydine ( Dicranostigma ) , tetrahydrocoptisine ( Stylophorum ) , chelerythrine (whole tribe particularly the genus Macleaya) and sanguinarine (whole tribe, particularly Macleaya).