从挪威观点看贵州省生态博物馆项目

国际会议代表来自全球——人们能够坐在一起交流，这在几十年前是难以想象的事情。会议安排的内容很多，这正是我们所希望的，但是如果会议没有充分表现主题，我们也可以借此机会和其他国家相同兴趣的人见面，建立联系并发展成为具体和有成果的项目。     

How to conduct External Quality Assessment Schemes for the pre-analytical phase?

In laboratory medicine, several studies have described the most frequent errors in the different phases of the total testing process, and a large proportion of these errors occur in the pre-analytical phase. Schemes for registration of errors and subsequent feedback to the participants have been conducted for decades concerning the analytical phase by External Quality Assessment (EQA) organizations operating in most countries. The aim of the paper is to present an overview of different types of EQA schemes for the pre-analytical phase, and give examples of some existing schemes. So far, very few EQA organizations have focused on the pre-analytical phase, and most EQA organizations do not offer pre-analytical EQA schemes (EQAS). It is more difficult to perform and standardize pre-analytical EQAS and also, accreditation bodies do not ask the laboratories for results from such schemes. However, some ongoing EQA programs for the pre-analytical phase do exist, and some examples are given in this paper. The methods used can be divided into three different types; collecting information about pre-analytical laboratory procedures, circulating real samples to collect information about interferences that might affect the measurement procedure, or register actual laboratory errors and relate these to quality indicators. These three types have different focus and different challenges regarding implementation, and a combination of the three is probably necessary to be able to detect and monitor the wide range of errors occurring in the pre-analytical phase.     

What is special about the ethical issues in online research?

In the analysis of the ethicalproblems of online research, there is much tobe learned from the work that has already beendone on research ethics in the socialsciences and the humanities. I discuss thestructure of norms in the Norwegian ethicalguidelines for research in the social scienceswith respect to their relevance for the ethicalissues of Internet research. A four-stepprocedure for the ethical evaluation ofresearch is suggested. I argue that eventhough, at one level, the problems of onlineresearch are very similar to those we find intraditional areas of social scientificresearch, there still are some issues that areunique to research online. A general model forthe analysis of privacy and data protection issuggested. This model is then used tocharacterize the special problems pertaining tothe protection of privacy in online contexts,and to argue that one cannot assume a simpledistinction between the private and the publicwhen researching in such contexts.     

Concept modeling of tapered thin-walled tubes

This paper presents a method to create concept models for the tapered thin-walled tubes using beam elements and spring elements. Developed concept tapered beam models with different taper angles and cross sections are compared with those detailed models through impact analyses. Important crash results are recorded and compared, and the relatively good agreement is achieved between these analyses. Concept modeling steps are illustrated in detail, and a general concept modeling method for such thin-walled tubes is summarized and presented.     

Polynomial based differential quadrature method for numerical solution of nonlinear Burgers' equation

Nonlinear Burgers' equation is solved using polynomial based differential quadrature method (PDQ). Numerical simulations are studied for three well known test problems, namely shock-like solution, travelling wave and sinusoidal disturbance solutions of Burgers' equation. Obtained numerical results of the first and the third test problems are compared with some earlier numerical results. Discrete root mean square error norm and maximum error norm are computed for the first two test problems and a comparison with some earlier works is given.     

古典对当方阵和广义量词

古典对当方阵可回溯到亚里士多德逻辑,并且自此后就一直被广泛地讨论,特别是在中世纪和现代.它刻画了所有、没有、并非所有和某些这四个量词之间的特定逻辑关系,即对当关系.亚里士多德和传统逻辑学家,以及人多数当代语言学家,都把"所有"看作具有存在预设,也即"所有A是B"可以推出"存在A",而现代逻辑则放弃了这一假定.用现代逻辑对"所有"的解释来代替亚里士多德的解释(对"并非所有"也可以作类似处理),就产生了现代版本的对当方阵.近年来有许多争论,探讨这两个方阵中哪一个是正确的.本文中我的主要观点是,这个问题不是,或者不应该卡要是关于存在预设的,毋宁说它是关于否定的模式的.我认为现代方阵表述了自然语言中否定的一般模式,而传统方阵则没有做到这一点.明乎此,不仅需要把对当方阵应用于四个亚里士多德量词,还需要把它应用到这一类型的广义量词上.现代方阵上的任一量词所展示的否定的模式,常常不是在传统方阵中发现的对当关系.本文提供了一些技术性结果和工具,阐述了解释各种英语限定词的量词方阵的若干例子.本文最后一个例子引入了否定的第二模式.它伴随特定复杂量词出现,也能够在方阵中被表达.     

The structure of rights in Directive 95/46/EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and the free movement of such data

The paper has three parts. First, a survey and analysis is given ofthe structure of individual rights in the recent EU Directive ondata protection. It is argued that at the core of this structure isan unexplicated notion of what the data subject can `reasonablyexpect' concerning the further processing of information about himor herself. In the second part of the paper it is argued thattheories of privacy popular among philosophers are not able to shed much light on the issues treated in the Directive, whichare, arguably, among the central problems pertaining to theprotection of individual rights in the information society. Inthe third part of the paper, some suggestions are made for a richerphilosophical theory of data protection and privacy. It is arguedthat this account is better suited to the task of characterizingthe central issues raised by the Directive.     

Determining Optimal Skillsets for Business Managers Based on Local and Global Job Markets: A Text Analytics Approach

We are experiencing a significant shift in management practices—moving from intuition, experience, and gut‐feeling driven decision‐making to one that is driven by data, evidence, and computational sciences. This shift, which is often called the analytics revolution, is not only changing the business landscape from a practical perspective but also redefining the white‐collar job market. The goal of this study is to employ a data‐ and analytics‐driven approach to analyze a large and feature‐rich dataset (which is composed of the recent job postings and the extant published literature) to characterize the state of the current business job market, especially to magnify the analytics related features and expectations including the geographic (i.e., local vs. global) differentiators. Using several graphical and tabular representations, in this paper we report on our thought‐provoking findings that collectively illustrate the changing face of knowledge, skills, and abilities required by the current local and global business job markets.