Dealing with a disagreeing partner: Relational and epistemic conflict elaboration

This experiment examined the effects of epistemic vs. relational conflicts on the relationship with a partner. Students participated to a fictitious computer-mediated interaction about a text with a bogus partner who introduced either an epistemic conflict (a conflict that referred to the content of the text), or a relational conflict (a conflict that questioned participants’ competence). Results indicated that compared to the epistemic conflict, the relational conflict enhanced threat and reduced the perceived contribution of the partner. Moreover, after a relational conflict, participants were more assertive in their answers, justified them to a lower extent, and expressed less doubt than after an epistemic conflict. Results also indicated that the intensity of disagreement predicted different modes of regulation depending on the conflict type. Finally, epistemic conflict elicited better learning than relational conflict.     

复杂性思维:存在于关系之中

我们生活在一个充满复杂性的宇宙中。一方面由于我们的人性使然,另一方面又由于语言的使用,我们给那种复杂性强加了许多限制。在从开普勒(Kepler)和伽利略(Galileo)一直到现代的经典西方思想中,减少复杂性一直是一个关键因素,而且产生了重大的科技突破。尽管如此,我仍然提出,在我们当前的多元化的、全球化的和技术取向的时代,简化作为一种思想惯习不再像过去那样有用了。在我们看来,复杂性理论激励我们认识人类思维的局限性,而且也能够让我们把一些内在于任何情境之中但又不能看到的可能性视为创造性潜能。转变人的态度,从"减少"复杂性到"拥抱"已经存在于关系和互动之中的一切,可能会导致复杂性思维,幸福地与神秘共生。     

全球网上中文人文社会科学期刊的现状与趋势

目前全球网络中文人文社会科学电子期刊已有数百种，涉及较多学科和门类，其发行方式、价格、可检内容多种多样。一些网上期刊代理发行机构和行业组织也已出现。但在上网数量、检索、精审制度、汉字编码、版权、服务方式等方面尚存在不足。更多的印刷型期刊上网，更多的学术单位创办网上期刊，更好的编排、界面、链接，合理的权益和价格体系，采、编、发行、订购、检索、阅读、交流的新模式将是今后的发展趋势。     

Self-reported childhood and adolescent sexual abuse among adult homosexual bisexual men.

From May 1989 through April 1990, 1,001 adult homosexual and bisexual men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics were interviewed regarding potentially abusive sexual contacts during childhood and adolescence. Thirty-seven percent of participants reported they had been encouraged or forced to have sexual contact before age 19 with an older or more powerful partner; 94% occurred with men. Median age of the participant at first contact was 10; median age difference between partners was 11 years. Fifty-one percent involved use of force; 33% involved anal sex. Black and Hispanic men were more likely than white men to report such sexual contact. Using developmentally-based criteria to define sexual abuse, 93% of participants reporting sexual contact with an older or more powerful partner were classified as sexually abused. Our data suggest the risk of sexual abuse may be high among some male youth and increased attention should be devoted to prevention as well as early identification and treatment.     

An item response theory and Rasch analysis of the NUDKS: a data literacy scale

Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability - There is an extensive need for school systems to reliably assess the data literacy and data use skills of their educators. To address this...     

Physical education and sport and special needs in Germany

Abstract

Historically, in Germany individuals with special needs have been offered participation in physical education (PE) both in segregated and increasingly in integrated settings. Specific curricula for children with disabilities (physical disabilities, hearing, and visual impairments, speech and behaviour disorders as well as intellectual disabilities) were developed in the 1960s and 1970s. They all emphasized the specific importance of physical activities for people with a disability focusing not only on motor competencies but also on the psychological and social benefits of physical education. During the 1970s so‐called model schools started to include children with disabilities in mainstream schools. Unlike developments in the United States, for example, where integrated or mainstream schooling was based on legal requirements, in Germany improved integration or inclusion was not based on federal law, but on parents’ or teachers’ initiatives in different Bundesländer (states of Germany). Parallel to these developments, new approaches to PE have accentuated a positive orientation towards ‘ability’ rather than ‘disability’. Professionals in PE in universities and in schools have been challenged to develop better diagnostic skills and more individualized programmes. On the initiative of nine European universities, a European Master's degree of Adapted Physical Activity has been developed to offer advanced training on a European scale. However, despite these positive and innovative developments serious concerns remain concerning the situation of children with disabilities in the school system. This article argues that there is still a significant lack of specially trained professionals and support staff and that the ongoing process of reducing the amount of PE in schools for all children, including those with a disability, does not contribute to improved physical and social skills or increased participation in recreational and sport activities outside schools.     

Foundations for a post‐modern curriculum

Where classical science used to emphasize permanence, we now find change and evolution; we no longer see in the skies the trajectories that filled Kant's heart with the same admiration as the moral law. We now see strange objects: quasars, pulsars, galaxies exploding and being torn apart, stars that, we are told, collapse into ‘black holes’, irreversibly devouring everything they manage to ensnare. (Prigogine and Stengers 1984: 214‐215)