Structured-information extraction from patent-claim sentences

This paper presents a method of structured-information extraction from patent-claim sentences. A patent-claim sentence is converted to the internal form of a case structure by a semi-automatic parsing. The internal form is normalized and the specified information is efficiently extracted by referring to a specification table given every special branch. The specification table consists of several subframes which specify the items to be extracted in a standard case structure. The extracted information is stored in relational tables for relational retrieval and some precision-oriented retrieval using role-indicators. The feasibility and the effectiveness of this method are examined by a computer simulation.     

Normalization of titles and their retrieval

This paper presents a method of normalizations of English titles and their retrieval. The title expressed by a noun phrase or a noun clause is converted to a function-expression by parsing. For the retrieval with a reasonable recall rate as well as a high precision rate, the function-expression is transformed to a predicate-governor form, and then normalized to a standard form. Therefrom, various items are extracted and recorded in a hierarchical tree-like inverted file.In order to keep the recall rate in a reasonable value, several retrieval stages are implemented based on the key-term and case-label matching. The retrieval is controlled by the preciseness of the specification of case-labels for each key-term.     

Three attempts at “de-Wintelization”: Japan’s TRON project, the US government’s suits against Wintel, and the entry of Java and Linux

The dominance over personal computing technology by the Microsoft OS and the Intel MPU, or ‘Wintel’, has been a long-standing concern of the government and the marketplace. In the past 15 years, there have been at least three attempts to challenge the Wintel monopoly. In comparing these three attempts at de-Wintelization, this paper raises interrelated issues about innovation: (1) the path-dependent nature of innovation, especially that due to network externalities, (2) the balance between property rights and antitrust laws, and (3) the relevance of government intervention in these areas. It also examines different types of R&D organization.