领导·师长·知己——缅怀黄中同志

2月15日早晨,我上班后,碰到刚从医院回来的体委办公厅主任谢炳元同志,一见面他就沉痛地告诉我:“黄中同志今晨已经病故了。”听到噩耗,我不禁痛哭起来…… 黄中同志是国家体委的老副主任,我曾在他身边工作近五年,深知他是一位深受体育界广大人士尊重的老领导,同时也是我迈入体育大门的最接近的一位可敬可亲的师长、知己。1995年冬他住院以后,我去看望过几次。今日清晨5点多钟,我睡梦中闪现“黄中同志不行了”的不祥之兆。醒来后我决     

追踪现代高技术战争重视非智力因素培养——对军事院校军体教学培养学员非智力因素的几点构想

以新时期军事战略方针为依据,论述了军校教育培养学员非智力因素的意义,并结合军事体育教学对学员非智力因素培养的优势,提出了培养的基本途径,明确了方向.     

论我国古代战争对体育的促进作用

采用文献资料法,指出了我国古代战争是体育的源头,并进一步阐述了古代战争对体育内容、手段、规模演变的推动作用,及其对体育理论化、规范化、制度化方面的影响。     

启发式教学在材料化学课中的运用初步探讨

启发式教学是我们常见的教学方法,为了适应21世纪社会主义现代化建设需要,对材料化学本科教育重新进行了定位,从教学中激发学生的学习兴趣。本文论述了在材料化学专业课中开展启发式教学的必要性和现实意义,并探讨了运用启发式教学激发学生学习动机,培养科学思维方法,从而推动材料化学本科教育的发展。     

高校辅导员素质模型在绩效考核中的应用

高校辅导员是高等学校大学生日常性思想政治教育的骨干,对于其非物化工作成效的考核是辅导员人力资源开发的重点和难点。从胜任力素质理论出发,对辅导员的素质特征、工作行为、工作成效进行科学的考评认定。从辅导员胜任力素质分析入手,探讨辅导员胜任力素质视角下辅导员绩效考核、管理的理论与方法,建构辅导员胜任力模型的绩效考核体系,解决理论与现实的双重困惑。     

我们要教给孩子什么?——作为家长的教子困惑

"孩子,快12点了,睡觉吧!" 看到上初三的女儿做完作业,又疲惫地拿起语文课本在默读,我心疼地说. "妈妈,过来,提问!" "提问什么?"她今天学的是古文《陈涉世家》,书上圈圈点点,我一脸迷茫. "注释." 我仔细一看,文下的主要注释都打上小钩钩. "老师说了,这些词明天上课测试,一个字都不能错."     

Two components of responding in Pavlovian lick suppression

The present research examined the temporal distribution of responding in a lick suppression paradigm. In Experiment 1, rats were trained with either a 30- or a 120-s conditioned stimulus (CS), which was followed either by a footshock (unconditioned stimulus [US]) or nothing. Licking during the CS was suppressed only in the former condition. Suppression was more pronounced early in the CS. In Experiment 2, rats were exposed to two 30-s or two 120-s CSs, with delivery of the shock being contingent on CS1 for half of the animals and on CS2 for the other half. For both the paired and the unpaired conditions, suppression at the beginning of CS1 was observed for all the groups. By discounting the possibility of generalization between CS1 and CS2, it appears that this initial suppression was not a conditioned response to the CS, but an unconditioned one due to mere exposure to the shock US.     

Some determinants of second-order conditioning

In a Pavlovian conditioning situation, an initially neutral stimulus may be made excitatory by nonreinforced presentations in compound with an established conditioned excitor [i.e., second-order conditioning (SOC)]. The established excitor may be either a punctate cue or the training context. In four conditioned suppression experiments using rats, we investigated whether SOC phenomena parallel other cue interaction effects. In Experiment 1, we found that the response potential of a target stimulus was directly related to the intertrial interval when SOC was mediated by a punctate cue, and inversely related to the intertrial interval when SOC was mediated by the training context. Experiment 2 demonstrated that punctate- and context-mediated SOC are oppositely affected by posttraining context extinction, and Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated that context- and punctate-mediated SOC are differentially affected by conditioned stimulus (Experiment 3) and unconditioned stimulus (Experiment 4) preexposure treatments. These findings parallel phenomena in conditioned inhibition and cue competition situations.     

《孤独之旅》的哲学内涵解读

曹文轩《草房子》的一小段文字《孤独之旅》被选人了初中语文课本,这是一段小学生杜小康走向成长的文字。大红门里的杜小康,因家道一落千丈而失学,其痛苦中的沉沦与奋争,撼人心魄。他跟父亲放鸭的那些日子,寂寞、孤独煎熬着他,也在摧生着他。暴风雨里,他像高尔基笔下那只搏击风浪的海燕,在莽莽苍苍的芦苇荡里狂奔着,追赶失散的鸭群。     

Impact of brief or extended extinction of a taste aversion on inhibitory associations: Evidence from summation,retardation, and preference tests

In five conditioned taste aversion experiments with rats, summation, retardation, and preference tests were used to assess the effects of extinguishing a conditioned saccharin aversion for three or nine trials. In Experiment 1, a summation test showed that saccharin aversion extinguished over nine trials reduced the aversion to a merely conditioned flavor (vinegar), whereas three saccharin extinction trials did not subsequently influence the vinegar aversion. Experiment 2 clarified that result, with unpaired controls equated on flavor exposure prior to testing; the results with those controls suggested that the flavor extinguished for nine trials produced generalization decrement during testing. In Experiment 3, the saccharin aversion reconditioned slowly after nine extinction trials, but not after three. Those results suggested the development of latent inhibition after more than three extinction trials. Preference tests comparing saccharin consumption with a concurrently available fluid (water in Experiment 4, saline in Experiment 5) showed that the preference for saccharin was greater after nine extinction trials than after three. However, saccharin preference after nine extinction trials was not greater, as compared with that for either latent inhibition controls (Experiments 4 and 5) or a control given equated exposures to saccharin and trained to drink saline at a high rate prior to testing (Experiment 5). Concerns about whether conditioned inhibition has been demonstrated in any flavor aversion procedure are discussed. Our findings help explain both successes and failures in demonstrating postextinction conditioned response recovery effects reported in the conditioned taste aversion literature, and they can be explained using a memory interference account.