Effects of work-matched supramaximal intermittent vs. submaximal constant-workload warm-up on all-out effort power output at the end of 2 minutes of maximal cycling

We tested the hypothesis that work-matched supramaximal intermittent warm-up improves final-sprint power output to a greater degree than submaximal constant-intensity warm-up during the last 30?s of a 120-s supramaximal exercise simulating the final sprint during sports events lasting approximately 2?min. Ten male middle-distance runners performed a 120-s supramaximal cycling exercise consisting of 90?s of constant-workload cycling at a workload corresponding to 110% maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) followed by 30?s of maximal-effort cycling. This exercise was preceded by 1) no warm-up (Control), 2) a constant-workload cycling warm-up at a workload of 60%VO_2max for 6?min and 40?s, or 3) a supramaximal intermittent cycling warm-up for 6?min and 40?s consisting of 5 sets of 65?s of cycling at a workload of 46%VO_2max?+?15?s of supramaximal cycling at a workload of 120%VO_2max. By design, total work was matched between the two warm-up conditions. Supramaximal intermittent and submaximal constant-workload warm-ups similarly increased 5-s peak (590?±?191 vs. 604?±?215W, P?=?0.41) and 30-s mean (495?±?137 vs. 503?±?154W, P?=?0.48) power output during the final 30-s maximal-effort cycling as compared to the no warm-up condition (5-s peak: 471?±?165W; 30-s mean: 398?±?117W). VO₂ during the 120-s supramaximal cycling was similarly increased by the two warm-ups as compared to no-warm up (P?≤?0.05). These findings show that work-matched supramaximal intermittent and submaximal constant-workload warm-ups improve final sprint (～30?s) performance to similar extents during the late stage of a 120-s supramaximal exercise bout.     

试析日本中小学的健康教育

采用文献资料、归纳综合、逻辑分析等研究方法,对日本中小学目前实施的健康教育进行分析与研究.研究认为日本中小学各年级的健康教育目标贴近生活、简便易行;课程内容实施层次分明、重点突出;健康教育教师培养体系科学、制度规范.提出我国中小学应该加强健康教育的法制管理和高等师范院校应该开设健康教育专业的建议.这对于我国吸收和借鉴日本健康教育的先进经验,提高我国中小学学生的健康水平具有重要意义.     

Migrant workers enchanted with consumer society: transnationalism and global consumer culture in Bangladesh

This article reconsiders the relationship between transnationalism from above and from below, focusing on the consumer behavior of migrant workers. Although transnationalism from below may be regarded as positive resistance to dependence on nation-states and global capital, it also facilitates incorporation into global consumer cultures. This article reports how Bangladeshi return migrants have been enchanted by consumer practices in industrialized countries and have transmitted them into Bangladesh. Return migrants bring consumption habits as well as savings and remittances from industrialized countries. Returnees consequently spread consumer culture to their homelands efficiently, promoting the penetration of global capital and further migration.