Provision for the Development of the Linguistic Proficiency of Young Immigrants in England and Wales and France: A comparative study

During the last 40 years or so, England and Wales and France have had to face the challenge of trying to educate a significant number of young immigrants whose mother tongue is not that of the host country. This paper compares and contrasts the approaches adopted and the measures taken to develop the linguistic competence of these young immigrants in the two countries, with particular reference to Toulouse in France and the London borough of Brent in England. Initially segregationist, the approach in both countries is now more integrationist, particularly in Brent. The differences in approach and provision reflect the differing educational traditions of the two countries. The degree of individual attention which immigrant pupils may receive differs in Brent and Toulouse. There are indications of success in developing second language skills in France, but national data on the effectiveness of second language teaching in England and Wales are lacking. Little mother-tongue tuition takes place in either country.     

Language and the Curriculum in Hong Kong: Dilemmas of triglossia

As with colonial transition elsewhere, the language patterns in Hong Kong have changed with the return of sovereignty to China. Biglossia (whereby Hong Kong Cantonese and English predominate) is shifting to triglossia, as Putonghua, the official language of the People's Republic of China, has become increasingly important. This paper focuses on the impact of colonial transition and in particular the emergence of Putonghua and on the language subjects in the primary and secondary school curricula in Hong Kong. It argues that, whilst the rationale for promoting Putonghua is logical, tensions are evident in the school curricula, most notably in two areas. Firstly, the curricula were already heavily biased in favour of language subjects and, secondly, the necessary teaching expertise for Putonghua is not readily available.     

A Collaborative Substance Abuse Model for Counselors in Training: Knowledge and Practicum Experiences

A school-based substance abuse training model for counselors was sponsored by a federal grant and designed by a counselor education department. The program was successful in training counselors to design and implement prevention and intervention programs in the school setting.     

Gender: Issues of Power and Equity in Counselor Education Programs

Education about gender-related issues has been identified as a critical element in the training of counselors. Suggestions are offered for incorporating gender issues into counselor education programs.     

新疆油气资源进入中亚市场的途径和对策——以克拉玛依油气生产基地为例

克拉玛依是新疆的重要油气生产基地,全疆大部分的油气资源来源于此.经过多年的发展,克拉玛依也面临资源城市转型的发展的问题.以克拉玛依为例,探讨新疆与中亚地区能源合作的机制和对策,进一步加深中亚与新疆的能源合作交流.     

Using multimedia to overcome the problems with problem based learning

Much of the literature on problem based learning (PBL) is concerned with efficacy or with guidelines on design or implementation. Relatively few articles focus on problems with problem based learning, and none that we could find provided suggestions as to how interactive multimedia might help alleviate those problems. In this article we begin with a review of problem based learning including a rationale for its use in the curriculum. Then we identify some of the problems inherent in designing and implementing problem based learning, and end the article with a discussion of how multimedia might be used to address some of those problems.     

Children's experiences of reading classes and reading schools in Ireland

In this article the author reports on the experiences of 20 children who attended a reading class/reading school for a placement period before returning to mainstream. While the original much larger doctoral study encompassed parents' and teachers' perspectives, this article is confined to the views of children. Their prevailing positive experiences of reading classes and schools are relayed, illustrating a snapshot of education provided in these settings, but they also provide an insight into how inclusive practices are orchestrated and function in these segregated settings. While academic and socio‐emotional gains are evident, the findings also highlight the challenges for mainstream schools in becoming more inclusive, particularly in the area of interactive approaches in addressing the needs of pupils with dyslexia.     

English and French Modes of Regulation of the Education System: a comparison

This paper describes English and French modes of regulation of the educational system, stressing the contrast between them (regulation by process versus regulation by outcomes), while their goals and organisation prove rather more convergent over the last 30 years. It tries to assess the correspondence between those two ways of operating and what we know about the functioning of organisations like schools. From that point of view, the French system fits the economic theory of organisation less well than the English one, so that some contradictions and tensions are predictable. Last, it looks for some relationship with indicators of effectiveness, equity and social satisfaction towards school in the two countries. No clear relationship emerges at the present time, but the analysis may help predict some problems that lie ahead.     

How analogies foster learning from science texts

This article provides an introduction to extended text-based analogies used for instructional purposes in science textbooks. A theoretical framework for understanding learning via extended analogies is discussed, and examples of extended textual analogies are provided. Research which provides direction in how to optimally use analogies in science instruction is reviewed. Characteristics of good analogies, types of learners who might benefit from the use of analogies, and kinds of learning which might be facilitated are discussed. The issue of possible misconceptions generated via instructional analogies is addressed, in conjunction with suggestions for remediation. Finally, recommendations for effective use of analogies in text are made, suggestions for instructional practices accompanying textual science analogies are provided and directions for future research are suggested.