Arts sponsorship and the state of the city

This paper explores the correlation between metropolitan social and economic conditions and corporate arts support in the United States. It is hypothesized that the transition from a manufacturing sector economy to an advanced service sector economy is an important local factor for the increase in corporate arts support.By panel analysis, in eleven metropolitan areas between 1977 and 1991 changes in corporate arts support have been correlated with changes in social and economic conditions, i.e., service sector and manufacturing sector employment, service sector and manufacturing sector income, population's educational attainment, and the degree of dominance by the leading local arts supporting industry.Corporate arts support is higher in metropolitan areas where the population is better educated (=+0.60), the local service sector generates more income (=+0.37) and the local manufacturing sector generates less income (=–0.22).Corporations from the manufacturing sector are mostly indifferent towards arts support. In contrast, corporations from the service sector are supportive of the local arts but they also respond swiftly to a loss in their earnings by discontinuing their arts support.     

Editorial zum Themenheft: ?‘Software-Reengineering“’

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The Problem of Child Soldiers

International Review of Education -     

Feedback after good trials enhances learning

Recent studies (Chiviacowsky & Wulf, 2002, 2005) have shown that learners prefer to receive feedback after they believe they had a "good" rather than "poor" trial. The present study followed up on this finding and examined whether learning would benefit if individuals received feedback after good relative to poor trials. Participants practiced a task that required them to throw beanbags at a target with their nondominant arm. Vision was prevented during and after the throws. All participants received knowledge of results (KR) on three trials in each 6-trial block. While one group (KR good) received KR for the three most effective trials in each block, another (KR poor) received feedback for the three least effective trials in each block. There were no group differences in practice. However the KR good group showed learning advantages on a delayed retention test (without KR). These results demonstrated that learning is facilitated if feedback is provided after good rather than poor trials. The findings are interpreted as evidence for a motivational function of feedback.     

Sino-German Cooperation on Stratigraphy, Vegetation and Climatic Development

The research project between the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, CAS (NIGPAS), the Research Center of Paleontology, Jilin University, the Geological Survey No.1, Xinjiang and the Institute of Geology, University of Tübingen deals with the Mesozoic biota and stratigraphy of the Junggar Basin, located in the Xinjiang Autonomous Uygur Region in Northwest China.     

Advisory work as assistance in problem-solving — Problem-solving models as basic concepts for advisory work

Abstract

This article summarises some basic concepts of advisory work, incorporated into novel forms of extension over the past half century at Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany. It emphasis a certain understanding of advisory work: as support through “mental help” in structuring and restructuring by informing, motivating and enabling. Through exercises given in the article one can get the idea that problem situations are determined by one's own lack of insight and difficulties in breaking through the limitations of perceptions. The concept presented here in “stages of systematic problem-solving” starts with the perception of a problem by the client. The further critical steps are described within this process from perception of a problem towards solutions and evaluation of results. Two other models that are useful in thinking about problem-solving are also presented. Advisors should value them and be able to make use of them in a flexible way.     

Editorial

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Editorial