Individual, family, and neighborhood factors distinguish resilient from non-resilient maltreated children: a cumulative stressors model

OBJECTIVE: Children who are physically maltreated are at risk of a range of adverse outcomes in childhood and adulthood, but some children who are maltreated manage to function well despite their history of adversity. Which individual, family, and neighborhood characteristics distinguish resilient from non-resilient maltreated children? Do children's individual strengths promote resilience even when children are exposed to multiple family and neighborhood stressors (cumulative stressors model)? METHODS: Data were from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Study which describes a nationally representative sample of 1,116 twin pairs and their families. Families were home-visited when the twins were 5 and 7 years old, and teachers provided information about children's behavior at school. Interviewers rated the likelihood that children had been maltreated based on mothers' reports of harm to the child and child welfare involvement with the family. RESULTS: Resilient children were those who engaged in normative levels of antisocial behavior despite having been maltreated. Boys (but not girls) who had above-average intelligence and whose parents had relatively few symptoms of antisocial personality were more likely to be resilient versus non-resilient to maltreatment. Children whose parents had substance use problems and who lived in relatively high crime neighborhoods that were low on social cohesion and informal social control were less likely to be resilient versus non-resilient to maltreatment. Consistent with a cumulative stressors model of children's adaptation, individual strengths distinguished resilient from non-resilient children under conditions of low, but not high, family and neighborhood stress. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that for children residing in multi-problem families, personal resources may not be sufficient to promote their adaptive functioning.     

利用采光井进行建筑通风的新型应用模型:基于案例研究评估的建议（英文）

目的:1.探究如何在有限的室外空间下简便地计算换气质量;2.建立利用采光井进行建筑通风的应用模型。创新点:1.案例研究评估的成熟方法论应用;2.得到采光井对室内空气通风促进度的速算图表。方法:1.采用风洞分析的两步确认法;2.对实际采光井模型进行计算流体动力学应用。结论:1.高长比小于3的采光井表现出了不错的换气能力;2.对空气质量要求更高的居住空间(如卧室和起居室)而言,室内通风口必须被设在高度低于24米的采光井的上半部分或者其他采光井中距离顶部12米以内的位置。     

A potential MRI contract agent for tumor detection

Since the first successful attempt in the early 1970s, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive diagnostic tool has seen rapid and wide applications in clinical practice. However,new types of contrast agents remain to be developed for further improving the sensitivity and specificity of the technology.     

Study progress on mechanism of severe acute pancreatitis complicated with hepatic injury

Study on the action mechanism of inflammatory mediators generated by the severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) in mul-tiple organ injury is a hotspot in the surgical field.In clinical practice,the main complicated organ dysfunctions are shock,res-piratory failure,renal failure,encephalopathy,with the rate of hepatic diseases being closely next to them.The hepatic injury caused by SAP cannot only aggravate the state of pancreatitis,but also develop into hepatic failure and cause patient death.Its complicated pathogenic mechanism is an obstacle in clinical treatment.Among many pathogenic factors,the changes of vasoac-tive substances,participation of inflammatory mediators as well as OFR(oxygen free radical),endotoxin,etc.may play important roles in its progression.     

Study progress in therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine monomer in severe acute pancreatitis

INTRODUCTION Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is one of the three main acute abdominal problems always ac-companied by multiple-system and multiple-organ impaired function or failure. Its onset and develop-ment are characterized by rapid changes, complicated illness state and difficult treatment. With the con-tinuous development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry in recent years, it is proved that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers monomers have a marked effect for …     

驰名商标司法保护中存在的问题及解决对策

本文节选自北京市第一中级人民法院2007年度关于驰名商标司法保护的一项调研课题报告,因文字转接的需要,个别处作了修改。该课题从实际案例中反映出的问题人手,在探寻驰名商标保护制度设立目的的基础上,提出了解决司法实践难题的对策。     

足球运动员如何控制体重

在足球运动员中,控制体重是常见的问题。虽然全年力量训练和赛前训练计划,对运动员控制体重,有促进作用,但在训练营亦经常发生体重过重或过轻的现象。即使大多数体质很好的运动员,他们可能因饮食习惯不好,也会使体质下降。他们缺乏了解好的营养要与良好的身体训练计划相结合,对提高足球运动成绩,有重要作用。体重减轻:     

有爱吹过的夏天

不久前,林俊杰到上海做新专辑的宣传,短短的24小时,我见到他3次。害羞、可爱、认真,虽然每次带给我不同的感觉,却有一点始终不变——他的最爱,是音乐!因为有音乐,他来到我们身边;因为有他,这个夏天有爱轻吹。     

浅谈如何加强学生地理能力的培养

本文从地理教学中培养和发展学生对地理图表、事物的观察能力;对地理事物或现象的记忆能力;对地理事物的分析综合等思维能力;独立获取地理知识的自学能力;对地理事物发生、发展及空间分布的想象能力;应用地理知识的实践操作能力等几方面谈地理教学对学生能力的培养.