Early Childhood Parenting Predicts Late Childhood Brain Functional Connectivity During Emotion Perception and Reward Processing

Seventy-nine 3-year olds and their mothers participated in a laboratory-based task to assess maternal hostility. Mothers also reported their behavioral regulation of their child. Seven years later, functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while viewing emotional faces and completing a reward processing task. Maternal hostility predicted more negative amygdala connectivity during exposure to sad relative to neutral faces with frontal and parietal regions as well as more negative left ventral striatal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback with the right posterior orbital frontal cortex and right inferior frontal gyrus. In contrast, maternal regulation predicted enhanced cingulo-frontal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback. Results suggest parenting is associated with alterations in emotion and reward processing circuitry 7–8 years later.     

Tracking user-role evolution via topic modeling in community question answering

Community question answering (CQA) services that enable users to ask and answer questions are popular on the internet. Each user can simultaneously play the roles of asker and answerer. Some work has aimed to model the roles of users for potential applications in CQA. However, the dynamic characteristics of user roles have not been addressed. User roles vary over time. This paper explores user representation by tracking user-role evolution, which could enable several potential applications in CQA, such as question recommendation. We believe this paper is the first to track user-role evolution and investigate its influence on the performance of question recommendation in CQA. Moreover, we propose a time-aware role model (TRM) to effectively track user-role evolution. With different independence assumptions, two variants of TRM are developed. Finally, we present the TRM-based approach to question recommendation, which provides a mechanism to naturally integrate the user-role evolution with content relevance between the answerer and the question into a unified probabilistic framework. Experiments using real-world data from Stack Overflow show that (1) the TRM is valid for tracking user-role evolution, and (2) compared with baselines utilizing role based methods, our TRM-based approach consistently and significantly improves the performance of question recommendation. Hence, our approach could enable several potential applications in CQA.     

科技信息的污染与控制

科技信息污染直接造成科技活动在人、财、物上的浪费，延误科技发展的进程，影响我国科技信息在国际上的地位，同时，对于提高民族素质有极大的危害。科技信息污染的控制主要靠科技编辑强烈的责任心和过硬的业务本领，也要借助于与数据检索库相连接的计算机专家审稿系统。     

Steps Toward More Effective Implementation of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing

The goal of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing is to improve testing practices, but their impact on practice appears spotty. Self-regulation clearly fails in some instances. The establishment of an external agency to oversee testing practices and adherence to the Standards would face substantial hurdles, and the ambiguity of many of the Standards would hobble such an organization if one were created. Many of the Standards are general statements of principle, and past controversies make clear that we in the field often disagree about the reasons for them, their applicability to specific cases, and their practical meaning in specific contexts. This paper argues that the field should follow two approaches to lessen this ambiguity. First, using journals, conferences, and other vehicles, we should foster more frequent and more protracted debate about the practical meaning of key Standards, such as 13.6 and 13.7, which mandate that a decision that will have a "major impact" on a student should not be based on a single score. Second, future revisions of the Standards should use concrete examples of testing practices to clarify the meaning of the Standards, much as the legal system uses case law to clarify the meaning of the general principles embodied in statutes .     

中国女排与世界女排强队跳发球运用效果的比较研究

本文从回顾排球发球技术的历史入手 ,论述了跳发球的技术特点 ,并根据中国女排在世界杯赛上跳发球的效果及同世界强队的差距 ,有针对性地提出相应的对策。     

足球训练思维能力的探讨

从思维和训练学的角度，对足球训练思维的特点、结构进行分析，提出足球训练思维的结构是一个包含材料、方法、呈现、结果四个因素的动态关联系统；培养新一代的青年足球教练员的足球训练思维能力，必须强化青年足球教练员足球训练意识、提高其足球训练理论水平、加强其训练实践和科学研究的能力。     

复合模糊神经网络在故障诊断中的应用研究

对于复杂的诊断对象,本文提出了一种复合模糊神经网络结构,该神经网络结构集成了一系列模糊神经子网络,来完成故障分类任务.文中以某高温硝酸冷却系统为诊断对象,以系统故障树为设置子网的基础,建立了含有多个子网的复合模糊神经网络.仿真结果表明了这种方法的可行性和有效性.     

社会转型期教育的认同危机

在社会转型的背景下，全球社会正处于一个重新评价和自我怀疑的时期，原来那种学校概念就差不多可以涵盖教育概念的状况已经不能满足一个多元、复杂的社会的需求。多样性是教育的必然选择。     

近五年来我国图书馆管理研究现状分析

从 1996— 2 0 0 0年 ,国内发表图书馆管理方面的论文近 30 0 0篇。这些论文论述比较集中的问题有 :关于图书馆管理价值的认识 ,图书馆管理理论的发展 ,图书馆管理理论的创新 ,图书馆的人本管理 ,等等。对于这些问题 ,不同论文各自阐述了不同的观点。随着图书馆研究客体的新形式———数字图书馆的出现 ,图书馆管理的观念、体制和方法 ,会有更大的变化。参考文献36。     

华北移民后裔异姓同宗现象探微

一中华民族的姓,不仅是一种记录族群血缘关系的见证,也是后人寻觅同姓支脉繁衍、迁徙,探求家世渊源脉络的基本线索。但是,在中华民族姓氏的嬗变中,异姓同宗现象却相当普遍。而明初以降华北移民后裔中的异姓同宗现象,则与史不同。据1993年版河南《内黄县志·氏族》调查,内黄一县之内,异姓同宗现象竟达七宗之多,其中明初移民分姓宗数与避难移民分姓宗数相等。虽然对那些因担心政治迫害而分姓的动因,无须多言,然而,对明初政府行为下的华北移民分姓的动机,无论从移民政策,还是社会学等方面,都有深入考察的必要。历经元末明初浩劫后的华北,社会经…