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1.
In 2004 the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science set a concrete target: by 2010, close to 50% of the age cohort should participate in higher education, following the targets set in the UK and Sweden. However clear the target is set, the ways to achieve it are far less specified. In the article a number of possible instruments to achieve the target are discussed and their relevance in the Dutch context is analysed. It is concluded that there are a limited number of policy instruments available. However, given the devolution of access policy to the higher education institutions and the influence of broader societal trends on participation our expectations on what government can do to reach its target need to be modest. 相似文献
2.
Birgit Angelika Schmidt Martin Andreas Ziemann Simone Pentzien Toralf Gabsch Werner Koch Jörg Krüger 《文物保护研究》2016,61(2):113-122
A great number of Central Asian wall paintings, archeological materials, architectural fragments, and textiles, as well as painting fragments on silk and paper, make up the so called Turfan Collection at the Asian Art Museum in Berlin. The largest part of the collection comes from the Kucha region, a very important cultural center in the third to ninth centuries. Between 1902 and 1914, four German expeditions traveled along the northern Silk Road. During these expeditions, wall paintings were detached from their original settings in Buddhist cave complexes. This paper reports a technical study of a wall painting, existing in eight fragments, from the Buddhist cave no. 40 (Ritterhöhle). Its original painted surface is soot blackened and largely illegible. Grünwedel, leader of the first and third expeditions, described the almost complete destruction of the rediscovered temple complex and evidence of fire damage. The aim of this case study is to identify the materials used for the wall paintings. Furthermore, soot deposits as well as materials from conservation interventions were of interest. Non-invasive analyses were preferred but a limited number of samples were taken to provide more precise information on the painting technique. By employing optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, a layer sequence of earthen render, a ground layer made of gypsum, and a paint layer containing a variety of inorganic pigments were identified. 相似文献
3.
Relying on cultural transmission, social identity and self-categorization theories, this study uses an innovative two-part photo-pasting and survey method to investigate quantitatively and qualitatively non-fans’, fans’ and players’ assumptions about what positions black and white players should occupy in American football. Both white and black players and fans showed evidence of being cultural transmitters of racial ideologies associated with the quarterback position in American football. Overall, the respondent choices for quarterback diverged significantly from equality but not significantly from the reality of the National Football League. Players and fan and non-fan participants alike showed evidence of being cultural consumers and transmitters of racial ideologies associated with the quarterback position. Narrative reasons for player choices aligned with past literature about racial stereotypes. On most measures, the findings did not differ greatly among the institutions from which study participants were drawn, their diversity in geography, racial composition, ideology, athletic division and public–private status notwithstanding. 相似文献
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6.
This paper explores the changing terrain of disability support policy in Australia. Drawing on a critical disability framework of policy sociology, the paper considers the policy problem of access to education for people with disabilities under recent reform by means of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), which commenced full roll-out across the country from July 2016. The paper reviews NDIS reports, legislation and associated literature to consider how eligibility to scheme participation and education services are shaped, and how education is positioned in the development and implementation of the NDIS. The analysis highlights tensions that exist for people with disabilities and their families who both access the scheme and who might draw on its provision to support their education, because of the way the policy is oriented towards pathological categorisation, standardised outcomes and service delineation rather than integrated support and informed involvement. The paper concludes by arguing that despite the policy priority across Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries of increasing lifelong learning opportunities, fragmented NDIS policy in Australia prevents people with disabilities from achieving this ideal. 相似文献
7.
Willibald Simma Birgit Schintler Werner Hauser 《Zeitschrift für Hochschulrecht, Hochschulmanagement und Hochschulpolitik: zfhr》2007,6(3):97-99
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
8.
Brock-Utne Birgit 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2003,49(6):635-637
International Review of Education - 相似文献
9.
Lucia Kohlhauf Ulrike Rutke Birgit Neuhaus 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2011,20(5):667-678
Many epoch-making biological discoveries (e.g. Darwinian Theory) were based upon observations. Nevertheless, observation is
often regarded as ‘just looking’ rather than a basic scientific skill. As observation is one of the main research methods
in biological sciences, it must be considered as an independent research method and systematic practice of this method is
necessary. Because observation skills form the basis of further scientific methods (e.g. experiments or comparisons) and children
from the age of 4 years are able to independently generate questions and hypotheses, it seems possible to foster observation
competency at a preschool level. To be able to provide development-adequate individual fostering of this competency, it is
first necessary to assess each child’s competency. Therefore, drawing on the recent literature, we developed in this study
a competency model that was empirically evaluated within learners (N = 110) from different age groups, from kindergarten to university. In addition, we collected data on language skills, domain-specific
interest and previous knowledge to analyse coherence between these skills and observation competency. The study showed as
expected that previous knowledge had a high impact on observation competency, whereas the influence of domain-specific interest
was nonexistent. Language skills were shown to have a weak influence. By utilising the empirically validated model consisting
of three dimensions (‘Describing’, ‘Scientific reasoning’ and ‘Interpreting’) and three skill levels, it was possible to assess
each child’s competency level and to develop and evaluate guided play activities to individually foster a child’s observation
competency. 相似文献
10.
Prof. Dr. Andreas Hartinger Thilo Kleickmann Dr. Birgit Hawelka 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2006,9(1):110-126
Es gibt einige Hinweise darauf, dass Vorstellungen vom Lehren und Lernen sowohl für das Handeln der Lehrkr?fte im Unterricht
als auch für Zielkriterien auf der Ebene der Schüler eine Rolle spielen. Dabei gelten konstruktivistisch orientierte Sichtweisen
als besonders günstig. Empirische Untersuchungen dazu gibt es jedoch bislang nur auf einzelne fachdidaktische Inhaltsbereiche
bezogen. In der vorliegenden Studie werden konstruktivistisch orientierte Lehrereinstellungen mit Merkmalen des Unterrichts
(?ffnung des Unterrichts im Hinblick auf Entscheidungsm?glichkeiten für Schüler/-innen und Strukturierung des Unterrichts)
sowie mit Einsch?tzungen der Schüler/-innen (Selbstbestimmungsempfinden und Interessantheit des Unterrichts) in Beziehung
gesetzt. Die Ergebnisse best?tigen die Theorie: In den Klassen der Lehrer/-innen mit überwiegend konstruktivistischen Vorstellungen
von Lernen und Lehren gibt es mehr Freir?ume, ohne dass der Unterricht weniger strukturiert abl?uft. Zudem empfinden sich
die Schüler/-innen als selbstbestimmter und sch?tzen den Unterricht als interes-santer ein. 相似文献