毛泽东同志的“减负”思想及启示

毛泽东同志在减轻学生负担、关注学生身心健康方面作了大量论述,对新中国成立后的教育发展影响很大。毛泽东同志“减负”思想的基本出发点是要学生生动活泼地、主动地发展,其科学内核包括精简课程设置和教材;反对注入式教学方法,提倡启发式教学方法;改革考试和评价方法。毛泽东同志的“减负”思想,对当前我国教育改革有重要的启示。     

Reflections on obesity,exercise,and musculoskeletal health

Obesity is a disease that has become an epidemic in economically developed countries,and manifests itself at increasing rates in economically developing countries.Obesity is associated with a variety of comorbidities,such as metabolic disease,diabetes,cardiovascular diseases,and musculoskeletal disorders,all resulting in tremendous costs to health care systems around the world,a reduced capacity for work,and reduced quality of life for people with obesity,coupled with physical inactivity,thereby producing a vicious circle of inactivity-induced diseases that enhances obesity.     

Hearing dogs: a longitudinal study of social and psychological effects on deaf and hard-of-hearing recipients

The organization Hearing Dogs for Deaf People provides assistance dogs that alert their deaf or hard-of-hearing recipients to key sounds, thus increasing their independence and also providing companionship. Fifty-one recipients took part in a longitudinal study to monitor the dogs' working performance over time and to examine the social and psychological effects of having a Hearing Dog. The Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used together with a Hearing Dog Questionnaire (HDQ) specifically developed for this study. There were a number of significant differences in measures of well-being between the period prior to placing the Hearing Dog and the period after placement, but there were no comparable differences during the year-long waiting period prior to placement of the dog. Recipients reported significant reductions in hearing-related problems such as response to environmental sounds; significant reductions in measures of tension, anxiety, and depression; and significant improvements in social involvement and independence. The longitudinal nature of this study supports evidence that these improvements persist for some time after the placement of a dog, with significant differences being reported, in many cases, up to 18 months after acquiring a dog.     

我国幼儿园社会教育的进展、问题及改进策略

社会教育作为幼儿全面发展教育的重要内容之一,近年来有了长足的进步。社会教育成为幼儿园一个独立的课程领域,明确了幼儿园社会教育的目标和内容,并认识到社会教育应促进幼儿社会认知、社会情感、社会行为等方面的和谐发展,观照了幼儿自身发展的需要。但在实际教育活动中,幼儿园社会教育还存在着一些问题,如将社会教育简单化、表面化,忽视对幼儿社会态度的培养,社会教育的整体性、随机性体现得不够,幼儿社会教育某些目标及内容起点、要求偏高,对幼儿个性品质的某些方面重视不够等。改进幼儿园社会教育,需要强化幼儿社会教育观念,拓展幼儿社会教育课程领域,改进幼儿社会教育方法。