Lower limb alignment characteristics are not associated with running injuries in runners: Prospective cohort study

There is conflicting evidence on the association between lower limb alignment characteristics and the incidence of running-related injury (RRI). Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between lower limb alignment characteristics and the incidence proportion of RRI in a convenience sample of recreational runners. A total of 89 recreational runners were included in this prospective cohort study. These participants had been running for at least six months and were injury-free at baseline. Lower limb alignment measurements were conducted in order to calculate lower limb discrepancy, Q-angle, subtalar angle and plantar index. All participants also answered a baseline and biweekly online surveys about their running routine, history of RRI and newly developed RRI over a period of 12 weeks. The prevalence of previous RRI and the 12-week incidence proportion of new RRI were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between lower limb length discrepancy, Q-angle, subtalar angle and plantar ach index with the incidence proportion of RRI. The prevalence of previous RRI was 55.1% (n?=?49). The 12-week incidence proportion of new RRI was 27.0% (n?=?24). Muscle injuries and tendinopathies were the main types of RRI identified. The lower leg and the knee were the main anatomical regions affected. We did not find significant associations between lower limb length discrepancy, Q-angle, subtalar angle and plantar arch index and injury occurrence.     

Effect of hand paddles and parachute on the index of coordination of competitive crawl-strokers

We investigated the effects of hand paddles and parachute on the relative duration of stroke phases and index of coordination of competitive crawl-strokers. Eleven male-swimmers (age: 21.9 ± 4.5 years; 50-m best time: 24.23 ± 0.75 s) were evaluated in four maximal-intensity conditions: without equipment, with hand paddles, with parachute, and with both hand paddles and parachute. Relative stroke phase duration of each arm, swimming velocity, and stroke rate were analysed from video (60 Hz). The index of coordination was quantified based on the lag time between propulsive phases of each arm, which defined the coordination mode as catch-up, opposition or superposition. The stroke rate decreased in all conditions (P < 0.05) and swimming velocity decreased with parachute and with paddles + parachutes (P < 0.05). The coordination mode changed from catch-up in free swimming (-2.3 ± 5.0%) to opposition with paddles (-0.2 ± 3.8%), parachute (0.1 ± 3.1%), and paddles + parachute (0.0 ± 3.2%). Despite these variations, no significant differences were observed in relative duration of right and left arm-stroke phases, or in index of coordination. We conclude that the external resistances analysed do not significantly influence stroke phase organization, but, as a chronic effect, may lead to greater propulsive continuity.     

高师素质教育的反思与前瞻

新世纪 ,高等师范教育在全面推进素质教育的过程中发挥着决定性的作用。而高等师范教育本身如何抓好素质教育更是一个值得教育界研究的重大而紧迫的问题。高等师范教育的核心是培养学生创新精神和实践能力 ,人文精神和核心竞争力。这是实现未来教育大发展的决定因素     

关于艾森斯坦因定理的讨论

在艾森斯坦因定理中,把素数中所满足的条件放宽后,一个多项式合有怎样的因式?本文对此进行了讨论,得到若干有意义的结果,并使艾森斯坦因定理成为其中的一个特例。     

下沙中学学生体质现状评价与对策研究

下沙初级中学地处城乡结合部，对于这一“特殊社区”学生群体的体质研究，尚未见全国体质调研资料中相关的报告。通过此课题研究，从中发现该校学生与杭州市和全国同年龄学生体质状况水平所存在的差异，并提出该校体育教育改革的目标对策，为增强学生体质水平提供科学的决策依据。     

中学数学教学中的情境创设探析

教师如何从“创设悬念、幽默、疑虑、惊诧、欣喜”等情境方面调动学生学习的积极性的探索。     

Student satisfaction in higher education: a meta-analytic study

This paper discusses the results of a meta-analysis performed to identify key antecedent and consequent constructs of satisfaction in higher education. We offer an integrated model to achieve a better understanding of satisfaction in the context of higher education. To accomplish this objective, we identified 83 studies that were valid and relevant to the research objective of the current study, generating a total of 469 observations. We identified studies published from 1986 to 2016 and analyzed six antecedent dimensions (perceived value of educational services, resources provided to the student, service quality perception, marketing orientation, identity of the higher education institution, university environment) and one consequent dimension related to satisfaction. The 7 dimensions exhibited a total of 51 relationships. We believe that the originality of the findings clearly contributes to future academic research in higher education.     

论教师的课堂创新素养

课堂上培养学生的创新意识与能力,教师的课堂创新素养是关键。从教师情意倾向与思维品质、主体取向与策略意识、价值提升与实践张力等方面可以发现,教师课堂创新素养和三维一体与持续创生性特点。以实际出发,可以探索在课堂情意、课堂信念和实践智慧等方面建构教师创新素养的评价标准,提出创新培养策略。     

Total Protein of Whole Saliva as a Biomarker of Anaerobic Threshold

Saliva provides a convenient and noninvasive matrix for assessing specific physiological parameters, including some biomarkers of exercise. We investigated whether the total protein concentration of whole saliva (TPWS) would reflect the anaerobic threshold during an incremental exercise test. After a warm-up period, 13 nonsmoking men performed a maximum incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer. Blood and stimulated saliva were collected during the test. The TPWS anaerobic threshold (PAT) was determined using the Dmax method. The PAT was correlated with the blood lactate anaerobic threshold (AT; r = .93, p < .05). No significant difference (p = .16) was observed between PAT and AT. Thus, TPWS provides a convenient and noninvasive matrix for determining the anaerobic threshold during incremental exercise tests.