Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST) is a meridian reflecting Schmidt telescope with a clear aperture of four meters,a focal length of 20 meters and a field of view of five degrees.By using active optics technique to control its reflecting corrector,     

Project ISLA: A space/time/full-text/format search and retrieval system designed by end users

This article discusses the role of end users in the design of a multi-format digital library project (ISLA) being developed at the University of Southern California Library for the study of the Los Angeles region. ISLA focuses on the specific needs of cross-disciplinary research involving large urban regions.     

纵向量表制作浅谈

等值(equating)和纵向量表化(vertical scaling)的功用是建立来自不同考试的分数之间的关系。等值是施用于相同年级,相同性质的试卷,而纵向量表化则用于不同年级而性质相似的试卷。纵向量表化是将不同年级的成绩放置于统一的成长分数量表之中。纵向量表(vertical scale)是一种延伸的分数,其度量跨越和串连不同年级之间,用以评估学生连继性的成就成长(Nitko,2004)。在教学中,学生的进度可以利用纵向量表来监察和评估。而在教育研究上,纵向量表可成为长期跟踪调查(longitudinal study)之有力工具。本文讨论纵向量表化的方法论,包括成长定义(definition of growth),数据收集(data collection)方法,试卷设计和使用项目反应理论(Item Response Theory)的方法以及对制作纵向量表提供一些实际的建议。     

专业视野中的PISA

近来,国际学生评估项目(PISA)备受国内外关注。PISA项目缘于发达国家对基础教育质量的反思,是一项以改善教育政策为导向的跨国测试研究。本文解读了PISA测试独创的素养及其内涵结构,探究了PISA研究试图解释的学生素养形成与学生个人参与及学习策略间的关系,分析了PISA研究试图发现的学生素养与家庭影响、学校均衡、教育公平的关系。本文认为,公平而卓越正在成为发达国家和国际组织衡量基础教育质量的新尺度;多维度、多学科、重数据与国际参照已经成为教育研究与教育评价的重要发展方向;教育政策的制定应该建立在研究、数据和证据的基础上。     

THE GIFT OF YEARS GROWING OLDER GRACEFULLY By Joan Chittister

The study was designed to investigate marriage, work, and motherhood role perceptions of 93 adult women who were mostly graduate students at a large urban university. A secondary purpose was to examine the interaction of age‐role status variables and role perceptions. Three pictorial protective cues, each with a single role stimulus demand, were used to assess role perceptions. Stories told to cues were scored for presence of conflict, conflict theme, and outcome. Additionally, a single non‐role‐related cue was included. A high level of interrater agreement was obtained for the projective scoring system. Examination of scores for total sample by cue indicated that conflict was perceived most frequently in the marriage role cue, closely followed by the motherhood role cue. The work role was least likely to be perceived as conflictual Outcome scores, however, revealed that conflicts perceived in the motherhood role most frequently led to negative resolutions. Chi‐square analysis indicated that role perceptions were independent of age‐role status variables.     

BOOK REVIEW

Public educators of adults, because of their locally based programs, are strategically positioned to facilitate the learning of large numbers of older people. Little is known, however, about how these educators view the learning needs of elders who live in their communities. We conducted a telephone interview survey, using fixed‐response and open‐ended questions, with 30 directors of public adult education programs in Maine. The instrument assessed how important particular educational goals were for these directors at the time of the interview and how important each should be in the future. We examined both outcome and process variables. Health education was the outcome factor with the largest discrepancy between present and future program goals. Outreach to elders not presently participating in adult education programs was the process factor with the largest discrepancy. We discuss implications of this research for adult education and for potential partnerships between local educators and gerontologists.