Breeding crops by design for future agriculture

正Plant breeding is both the science and art of developing elite crop cultivars by creating and reassembling desirable inherited traits for human benefit.From the bulk selection of wild plants for cultivation during early civilization to Mendelian genetics and genomics-assisted breeding in modern society,breeding     

Salinity tolerance in barley during germination—homologs and potential genes

Salinity affects more than 6% of the world’s total land area, causing massive losses in crop yield. Salinity inhibits plant growth and development through osmotic and ionic stresses; however, some plants exhibit adaptations through osmotic regulation, exclusion, and translocation of accumulated Na⁺ or Cl^-. Currently, there are no practical, economically viable methods for managing salinity, so the best practice is to grow crops with improved tolerance. Germination is the stage in a plant’s life cycle most adversely affected by salinity. Barley, the fourth most important cereal crop in the world, has outstanding salinity tolerance, relative to other cereal crops. Here, we review the genetics of salinity tolerance in barley during germination by summarizing reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and functional genes. The homologs of candidate genes for salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis, soybean, maize, wheat, and rice have been blasted and mapped on the barley reference genome. The genetic diversity of three reported functional gene families for salt tolerance during barley germination, namely dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) protein, somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase and aquaporin genes, is discussed. While all three gene families show great diversity in most plant species, the DREB gene family is more diverse in barley than in wheat and rice. Further to this review, a convenient method for screening for salinity tolerance at germination is needed, and the mechanisms of action of the genes involved in salt tolerance need to be identified, validated, and transferred to commercial cultivars for field production in saline soil.

     

采空区探测的物理勘探方法

对采空区的探测和评价技术尚未形成系统的理论体系和成熟的技术方法,采空区的勘察手段主要有三类:工程地质测绘、工程物探及工程钻探。本文主要介绍了工程物探方法的原理以及使用方法,并将其应用某一工程中,为施工实践提供指导。     

信息集成中基于描述器的对象匹配

提出基于描述器的对象匹配（DROM）方法,通过增加一个私有属性关联层来扩展已有的方案,从而提高匹配正确率.探讨对象匹配环境中的知识重用,包括知识类型的重用和任务无关分类器的重用.实验结果表明,增加描述器能使DROM获得更多的匹配知识,从而可以提高DROM的匹配正确率.