Connecting inside out: Development of the social brain in infants and toddlers with a focus on myelination as a marker of brain maturation

Early childhood is a sensitive period for learning and social skill development. The maturation of cerebral regions underlying social processing lays the foundation for later social-emotional competence. This study explored myelin changes in social brain regions and their association with changes in parent-rated social-emotional development in a cohort of 129 children (64 females, 0–36 months, 77 White). Results reveal a steep increase in myelination throughout the social brain in the first 3 years of life that is significantly associated with social-emotional development scores. These findings add knowledge to the emerging picture of social brain development by describing neural underpinnings of human social behavior. They can contribute to identifying age-/stage-appropriate early life factors in this developmental domain.     

The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3 years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R² ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens. Institutions’ body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.     

数字内容产品版权保护的演化博弈分析

[目的/意义]基于版权保护的演化博弈分析，有助于探究数字内容产品的原创主体对仿冒行为是否具有容忍度，以及不同仿冒水平下实施版权保护的策略选择，对规范数字内容产品市场主体行为具有一定指导意义。[方法/过程]首先借助演化博弈模型，分析原创主体与仿冒主体的利益演化过程，探究版权保护下原创主体对仿冒水平的容忍行为；然后通过细化博弈双方的利润函数模型，探究原创主体容忍度水平的决定因素。[结果/结论]原创主体对较小的仿冒水平存在一定的容忍度，对较高的仿冒水平零容忍。最大仿冒水平容忍度由仿冒交叉收益系数、收益模型常系数、产品研发成本系数和原创主体的产品研发努力水平倍数4个因素共同决定。     

Early Childhood Parenting Predicts Late Childhood Brain Functional Connectivity During Emotion Perception and Reward Processing

Seventy-nine 3-year olds and their mothers participated in a laboratory-based task to assess maternal hostility. Mothers also reported their behavioral regulation of their child. Seven years later, functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while viewing emotional faces and completing a reward processing task. Maternal hostility predicted more negative amygdala connectivity during exposure to sad relative to neutral faces with frontal and parietal regions as well as more negative left ventral striatal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback with the right posterior orbital frontal cortex and right inferior frontal gyrus. In contrast, maternal regulation predicted enhanced cingulo-frontal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback. Results suggest parenting is associated with alterations in emotion and reward processing circuitry 7–8 years later.     

A Typology of State Financial Aid Grant Programs Using Latent Class Analysis

Research in Higher Education - State financial aid grant programs are commonly categorized as either need-based, merit-based, or both, but their initial eligibility requirements include many more...     

图书流通数据分析的H类指数遴选及应用——以西北农林科技大学图书馆为例

[目的/意义] 优化藏书采访工作和流通管理，实现对藏书采访、藏书总量和结构等状况适时监测、评估、调控等的标准化管理。[方法/过程] 通过对H类指数中的H指数、A指数和G指数相关性、变异性和适应性分析，遴选适用于图书流通数据分析的A指数，并根据帕累托定律采用A指数对西北农林科技大学图书馆2014-2018年的前20%的图书流通数据分别进行统计分析。[结果/结论] 研究结果表明：平均A指数对中图法一级类目与读者性别、读者专业、读者年级以及图书出版社、图书出版年、单位等数据统计分析具有较理想的表现，能够更全面、准确地遴选核心读者群、核心出版者和核心出版年；同时发现，布拉德福定律不仅能够应用于期刊管理，而且能够应用于藏书管理。本文研究能够为探索H类指数分析高校图书馆藏书流通数据提供参考依据。     

教材史料应用策略刍议——以部编高中教材“辽宋夏金元的经济与社会”为例

教材史料简言之即是教材中的史料,部编教材《中外历史纲要》的显著特点是纲要式的正文配以形式多样、种类丰富的史料。纲要式体裁决定了正文非常简练,是对历史脉络的勾画,这种勾画对于高中生学习历史来说未免枯燥、单一。好在部编教材配以丰富的史料,这些教材史料正好弥补了教材正文的简练,使历史学习变得有血有肉。     

The Influence of Hygroscopic Materials on the Fluctuation of Relative Humidity in Museums Located in Historical Buildings

ABSTRACT

The preservation of artefacts in museum collections is profoundly affected by fluctuations in temperature and, especially, relative humidity (RH). Since the late nineteenth century, many studies have been carried out on the best way to control hygrothermal conditions. In old buildings located in maritime temperate climate zones (such as Portugal) with strong thermal inertia, and which have low ventilation rate (relative to the volume and number of visitors), daily and seasonal hygroscopic inertia may help to assure the maintenance of RH stabilization conditions. The use of expensive active systems may be minimized through the passive behaviour of internal finishing building materials. This work presents the results of an experimental laboratory study conducted in a flow chamber to demonstrate the enormous potential of hygroscopic materials in stabilizing interior relative humidity. Based in these results and in-situ monitoring in a museum housed in a building, located in Porto, with a typical construction of the 1950s (granite masonry and reinforced concrete slabs), a numerical analysis was done to quantify the influence of hygroscopic materials in stabilizing the interior relative humidity.     

Proclaiming Library Worth in a Program Prioritization Process at a Mid-Sized Public University

Abstract

In an economic climate when colleges can no longer presume that legislators see institutions of higher learning as tacit public goods, institutions around the country are facing budget cuts. This article presents a case study of the experience of a mid-sized public state university and its Library in a budget crisis undergoing a university-wide program prioritization process. The authors review the process of writing three reports on the Library’s value, along with the approach to engaging staff in the process including a retreat. This article raises questions about what every library should consider assessing and provide tools for libraries navigating similar terrain.