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1.
Early childhood is a sensitive period for learning and social skill development. The maturation of cerebral regions underlying social processing lays the foundation for later social-emotional competence. This study explored myelin changes in social brain regions and their association with changes in parent-rated social-emotional development in a cohort of 129 children (64 females, 0–36 months, 77 White). Results reveal a steep increase in myelination throughout the social brain in the first 3 years of life that is significantly associated with social-emotional development scores. These findings add knowledge to the emerging picture of social brain development by describing neural underpinnings of human social behavior. They can contribute to identifying age-/stage-appropriate early life factors in this developmental domain. 相似文献
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David Sánchez-Oliva Rebecca M. Leech Alberto Grao-Cruces Irene Esteban-Cornejo Carmen Padilla-Moledo Oscar L. Veiga 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(9):1062-1069
ABSTRACTThe aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8–18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age: 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled: screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled: screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range: 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time. 相似文献
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顶岗实习是实现高职人才培养目标的重要途径。鉴于当前高职顶岗实习中学校、学生及教师各层面都存在的问题,重新设计了顶岗实习的流程体系,通过校、企、师、生、家五方联动,构建了五途径保障实习岗位、两维度驱动实习成效、四层次规范实习管理、三主体强化实习评价的“五二四三”顶岗实习模式,实现学生、企业、教师、家长、导师和学校的六方共赢。 相似文献
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In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Jeffrey Harring and Ms. Tessa Johnson introduce the linear mixed effects (LME) model as a flexible general framework for simultaneously modeling continuous repeated measures data with a scientifically defensible function that adequately summarizes both individual change as well as the average response. The module begins with a nontechnical overview of longitudinal data analyses drawing distinctions with cross-sectional analyses in terms of research questions to be addressed. Nuances of longitudinal designs, timing of measurements, and the real possibility of missing data are then discussed. The three interconnected components of the LME model—(1) a model for individual and mean response profiles, (2) a model to characterize the covariation among the time-specific residuals, and (3) a set of models that summarize the extent that individual coefficients vary—are discussed in the context of the set of activities comprising an analysis. Finally, they demonstrate how to estimate the linear mixed effects model within an open-source environment (R). The digital module contains sample R code, diagnostic quiz questions, hands-on activities in R, curated resources, and a glossary. 相似文献
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Children are sensitive to a number of considerations influencing distributions of resources, including equality, equity, and reciprocity. We tested whether children use a specific type of reciprocity norm—market norms—in which resources are distributed differentially based strictly on amount offered in return. In two studies, 195 children 5–10 years and 60 adults distributed stickers to friends offering same or different amounts of money. Overall, participants distributed more equally when offers were the same and more unequally when offers were different. Although sensitive to why friends offered different amounts of money, children increasingly incorporated market norms into their distributions with age, as the oldest children and adults distributed more to those offering more, irrespective of the reasons provided. 相似文献
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就十冬合跳台滑雪运动人才后继乏人的问题,对梯队结构进行了分析。由于缺少一个后备人才队伍,给国家队的选材造成了严重的局限性,从而制约了跳台滑雪运动水平的提高。通过分析提出了解决目前状况的建议,旨在提高此项运动的技术水平,在冬奥会上取得优异成绩。 相似文献
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从当前中小学体育教学现状看高校体育教育专业的教学改革 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
在新的历史时期,研究中小学校体育教学现状对于高等体育教育专业的教学改革十分必要。本主要采用问卷调查和献分析等方法对我国16个省、直辖市、自治区的241所中小学校进行问卷调查和分析,发现:当前中小学校体育教师的教学工作负担过重,科研的整体水平偏低,法律意识淡薄等不利因素;同时提出:在现阶段的高等体育教学中,应当加强对学生科研能力的培养,技术教学要突出“多能一专”的教学思想,并建议有关部门关注体育教师的“减负”问题。 相似文献
10.
根基文化与体育文化起源 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
模糊性是体育文化起源存在的客观属性 ,它可通过中介过渡的方法来解决当前体育文化起源的悖论。文中用新石器时代的镂孔陶球为实例 ,演证了这种中介过渡 (即意识物化 )的方法 ,并提出了几点讨论意见。 相似文献