East Meets West in Assessment Development: Western Technical Assistance to Eastern Needs. Part III. Reform of an Examination System: Shoulder to Shoulder in the Polish SMART Project

This is Part III of a three part series describing the consultancy and training demands that are encountered in technical assistance projects in Central and Eastern Europe. Part I dealt with strategic issues for a successful delivery of "Western Technical Assistance to Eastern Needs." Part II highlighted project management and co-operation aspects in delivering support to the Romanian Assessment and Examination Service. In this part, we address training of Polish subject experts who were preparing to take on responsibility for a decentralized and strongly innovative final exam, the Matura.     

约稿艺术纵横谈

据统计,2007年4月底,全国期刊总数已经迅速增长到了9468种.数量增长的同时对质量也提出了更高的要求,期刊间的竞争进一步加剧,对高质量稿件的需求不断加大.那么,如何保证持续的优稿支撑,仅凭自由来稿根本难以达到培育精品的目标,体现编辑主体性的约稿将成为优先占有稀缺优稿资源的重要途径和方法.约稿不简单是请作者写文章,更是一个很讲究艺术的包含智慧和情感的创造性的编读互动过程.     

流媒体DRM技术在现代远程教育中的应用

Internet的飞速发展及广泛应用为各种信息资源的传输提供了一个可靠、高效的技术平台,开放式的现代远程教育在此基础上应运而生逐渐成为现代教育的重要组成部分.流媒体技术解决了人们通过网络下载、传输信息的带宽和时间的问题,通过采用高效的信息传送技术, 远程教育突破了传统课堂中时空的限制,实现了教学资源的共享.然而,多媒体课件是远程教育中最重要的数字作品,是其核心价值之所在,网络的开放特征势必造成多媒体课件任意破坏,版权人的合法权益将严重受损.本文试图通过流媒体DRM技术的利用来达到保护数字内容的版权目的.     

The condition is critical: continuing professional development of library and information services staff

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XML文档的数据库转换技术研究*

概述目前XML的几种存储方法，简单分析科技论文的文档类型，最后采用SQL Server 2000对PDF格式的科技论文经元数据信息抽取后所生成的XML文档实现具体的XML的数据库转换。     

The Dynamics of Opinion Formation in Local Popular Referendums: Why the Dutch Always Say No

There is growing research on voting behavior in referendums.However, the dynamics of opinion formation in popular referendums,referendums initiated by the electorate to approve or rejectdecisions made by representative bodies, has not yet been studied.This is especially unfortunate as voting decisions in popularreferendums differ from those in other referendums in interestingways. Opinion formation can be a very dynamic process in popularreferendums, making the referendum campaign crucial. This paperstudies the dynamics of opinion formation in popular referendumsand relates them to particular characteristics of the campaignsand the issues at hand. Based on the literature, we consideredthe effects of the intensity of the yes and no campaigns, familiaritywith the issue, and partisan cues. Our study uses content analysisdata and data from public opinion surveys dealing with variouspopular referendums held in the Netherlands. The study revealedseveral factors that contributed to the volatility of opinionsin the referendum campaigns: the issue (new and did not fittraditional political schemes), lack of support from societaland community organizations for the position of the local authorities,and low profile campaigns on the part of local authorities.While some of these factors are general and may play a rolein referendums everywhere, some can be considered ‘typicallyDutch’, related to the characteristics of popular referendumsin the Netherlands and the country’s political system.     

Neuroanatomy Learning: Augmented Reality vs. Cross-Sections

Neuroanatomy education is a challenging field which could benefit from modern innovations, such as augmented reality (AR) applications. This study investigates the differences on test scores, cognitive load, and motivation after neuroanatomy learning using AR applications or using cross-sections of the brain. Prior to two practical assignments, a pretest (extended matching questions, double-choice questions and a test on cross-sectional anatomy) and a mental rotation test (MRT) were completed. Sex and MRT scores were used to stratify students over the two groups. The two practical assignments were designed to study (1) general brain anatomy and (2) subcortical structures. Subsequently, participants completed a posttest similar to the pretest and a motivational questionnaire. Finally, a focus group interview was conducted to appraise participants’ perceptions. Medical and biomedical students (n = 31); 19 males (61.3%) and 12 females (38.7%), mean age 19.2 ± 1.7 years participated in this experiment. Students who worked with cross-sections (n = 16) showed significantly more improvement on test scores than students who worked with GreyMapp-AR (P = 0.035) (n = 15). Further analysis showed that this difference was primarily caused by significant improvement on the cross-sectional questions. Students in the cross-section group, moreover, experienced a significantly higher germane (P = 0.009) and extraneous cognitive load (P = 0.016) than students in the GreyMapp-AR group. No significant differences were found in motivational scores. To conclude, this study suggests that AR applications can play a role in future anatomy education as an add-on educational tool, especially in learning three-dimensional relations of anatomical structures.     

Learning through artful knowing

Unfinished and ongoing exploration, Oil Painting, 1.30?*?1?m, September 2015.