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Kiyoshi Sanada Motohiko Miyachi Izumi Tabata Katsuhiko Suzuki Kenta Yamamoto Hiroshi Kawano 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1027-1034
Abstract The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare body composition and risk factors of lifestyle-related diseases between young and older male rowers and sedentary controls. Healthy males aged 19–73 years participated in the study, and were divided into four groups: 26 young rowers, 24 senior rowers, 23 young sedentary controls, and 22 senior sedentary controls. Total and regional lean soft tissue, fat mass, and bone mineral density were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The HDL-cholesterol of senior rowers (67.4 ± 13.4 mg · dl?1) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of senior sedentary controls (59.2 ± 11.9 mg · dl?1), while HDL-cholesterol was similar in senior rowers and young rowers (66.1 ± 10.8 mg · dl?1). Arm, leg, and trunk lean soft tissue mass were significantly higher in senior rowers (5.6 ± 0.6 kg, 18.2 ± 1.8 kg, and 27.3 ± 3.2 kg respectively) than in senior sedentary controls (5.1 ± 0.4 kg, 16.3 ± 1.4 kg, and 24.6 ± 1.7 kg respectively; P < 0.05). Bone mineral density was also significantly higher in senior rowers than in senior sedentary controls (ribs, lumbar spine, and pelvic segments; P < 0.05). We conclude that age-related increases in the risk of lifestyle-related diseases, such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia, are attenuated in male rowers. These results suggest that regular rowing exercise may have a positive influence in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases in older Japanese people. 相似文献
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Yamada K Sasakura A Nishiwaki K El-Shemy HA Mohapatra PK Nguyen NT Kurosaki H Kanai S Ito J Fujita K 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(1):72-82
This study addresses the hypothesis that stagnation of soybean yield on the farm can be improved by selection of a physiological
trait favoring carbon assimilate partitioning to terminally placed pods versus genotypes having axillary pods at close plant
spacing. 13C was fed to source-sink units comprising a leaf, axillary/terminal pods, and petioles at upper and lower positions of the
stem axis in two soybean cultivars, namely Shakujo and Enrei, at different densities of populations. The cultivars differ
significantly in architecture, Shakujo bearing a few hundreds of pods in close succession to one another in a terminally placed
raceme, in contrast to Enrei having axillary racemes. Pod yield per plant was higher in Enrei than in Shakujo at low density,
but Shakujo out-yielded Enrei at close spacing. Population density decreased yield per plant and altered the pattern of assimilate
partitioning significantly within the plants for both varieties. At high density more assimilates moved to the upper parts
at the cost of the lower parts. The terminally placed pods of Shakujo were advantaged to receive assimilates under density
stress. No benefit was accrued to pod filling of Enrei, however, under this condition. 相似文献
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Frank Laycock J. Milton Yinger Kiyoshi Ikeda 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1975,21(3):301-310
This article summarizes an extended study carried out by Oberlin College, Ohio. Bright thirteen-year old black pupils were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was given compensatory instruction until they were of college age. Comparisons with the control group showed that nearly all of these pupils — from backgrounds where completing secondary school and attending college are both unexpected — entered college. 相似文献
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