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Tohru Moto-oka 《Endeavour》1984,8(2):95-100
As their name implies, computers were originally developed to make numerical calculations but they have already been applied to a relatively limited extent to handling data presented as written language, speech, graphs, and so on. With their Fifth Generation Computer project the Japanese have embarked on a startlingly ambitious ten-year scheme—supported jointly by government and industry—to develop non-numeric computers which embody artificial intelligence that can communicate directly with the human mind on a logical basis. 相似文献
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Charlotte V.T. Murakami 《History of education》2015,44(3):399-400
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Tohru Murakami Yuki Tajika Hitoshi Ueno Sachiko Awata Satoshi Hirasawa Maki Sugimoto Yoshihiko Kominato Yoshito Tsushima Keigo Endo Hiroshi Yorifuji 《Anatomical sciences education》2014,7(6):438-449
It is essential for medical students to learn and comprehend human anatomy in three dimensions (3D). With this in mind, a new system was designed in order to integrate anatomical dissections with diagnostic computed tomography (CT) radiology. Cadavers were scanned by CT scanners, and students then consulted the postmortem CT images during cadaver dissection to gain a better understanding of 3D human anatomy and diagnostic radiology. Students used handheld digital imaging and communications in medicine viewers at the bench‐side (OsiriX on iPod touch or iPad), which enabled “pixel‐to‐tissue” direct comparisons of CT images and cadavers. Students had lectures and workshops on diagnostic radiology, and they completed study assignments where they discussed findings in the anatomy laboratory compared with CT radiology findings. This teaching method for gross and radiological anatomy was used beginning in 2009, and it yielded strongly positive student perspectives and significant improvements in radiology skills in later clinical courses. Anat Sci Educ 7: 438–449. © 2014 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
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教材是文化传承、意识渗透的物质载体.教材建设是国家事权,更是提升教育质量的基本保障.从日本现行教材管理体系而言,权责明确的教材管理主体、具有研究性质的教材保障协会、分学段开发的众多教材出版公司并存的维稳格局,确保当前日本教材发展的科学高效、稳定持续.同时,日本教材建设也面临因成本巨大、出生率低等社会倾向而出现的教材发行供应公司和教材代售店大量倒闭的困境.对此,日本教材建设在坚持原则、深化发展和勇于创新的基础上,衍生出教材免费供给、低价提供、增加页数、完全供给、无障碍化教材和数字化教材等六大发展趋势,并与社会责任传递、社会公益发展、个性化成长、教材质量提升、人文关怀塑造、智能时代适应等相融合. 相似文献
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Michiya Shimbori T. Ban K. Kono H. Yamazaki Y. Kano M. Murakami T. Murakami 《Higher Education》1980,9(2):139-154
Student movements in Japan have, during the 1970s, tended to move from cooperation between various radical sects to bloody conflict among them, from participation by students generally to involvement by only a limited core of committed activists and from a struggle against the universityand society to one against society alone. The end of the war in Vietnam, the economic crisis, and other societal factors have contributed to these changes. The future of the student movement in Japan cannot be accurately predicted but it is unlikely that a powerful and politically effective movement, such as that of the 1960s, will re-emerge in the near future. 相似文献
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Naoki Kikuchi Eri Miyamoto-Mikami Haruka Murakami Tomohiro Nakamura Seok-Ki Min Masuhiko Mizuno 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(6):694-701
Aim: Recent meta-analyses of the literature confirmed the association between the RR+RX genotype of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and elite sprint/power athletic status in Europeans but not in Asians and Africans, while the association between the R577X genotype and elite endurance athlete status is less convincing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and elite athlete status in a large Asian (Japanese) cohort of track and field athletes. Methods: One-thousand fifty-seven Japanese track and field athletes (627 sprint/power athletes and 430 endurance athletes) and 810 Japanese controls were genotyped for the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) by using the TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. Results: Elite sprint/power athletes had a higher frequency of the RR+RX genotype than the controls (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.16–2.18; P?=?.003). A significant linear correlation was found between the RR?+?RX genotype and athlete status (i.e. regional?P?=?.001 for trend) and long-distance runners (regional: 65%, national: 72%, international: 82%; P?=?.030 for trend). Conclusions: The data obtained for this large Asian (Japanese) cohort of track and field athletes served to confirm the association between the RR?+?RX genotype of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and elite sprint/power athlete status and also the association between the ACTN3 RR?+?RX genotype and long-distance running athletic status. 相似文献
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Prosody refers to features of speech such as intonation, volume and pace. In this paper, we examine teacher–student dialogue in an English lesson at a secondary school in England, using Conversation Analysis notation to mark features of prosody. We also make connections with Goffman's theoretical concept of footing. We show that, within an episode of teacher-led plenary discourse, prosody may be used to signal shifts in footing between different kinds of pedagogic activity. We identify: (i) teacher-led IRF (Initiation–Response–Feedback) discussion; (ii) the teacher's modelling of exploratory talk; (iii) a shift to instruction-giving. If teachers are able to model the enquiring tone of exploratory talk, they may in turn encourage more thoughtful contributions from students. 相似文献
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Wind tunnel experiments were conducted, in particular focusing on slow unsteady variations of aerodynamic forces as a potential
cause of the knuckle effect of a new soccer ball (Teamgeist) under non-spinning condition. The experiments included simultaneous
measurements of the drag, the side force and the surface pressure on a ball surface, and the tuft visualisation to investigate
the flow field behind a ball. Of particular interest was the erratic nature of the knuckle effect resulting from the unsteady
movement of vortical wake structure in the supercritical Reynolds number regime. A simple 2-D numerical simulation of the
ball flight trajectory was performed by taking into account the unsteady side force data measured in the present experiments. 相似文献