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1.
There is a crisis of valuation practices in the current academic life sciences, triggered by unsustainable growth and “hyper-competition.” Quantitative metrics in evaluating researchers are seen as replacing deeper considerations of the quality and novelty of work, as well as substantive care for the societal implications of research. Junior researchers are frequently mentioned as those most strongly affected by these dynamics. However, their own perceptions of these issues are much less frequently considered. This paper aims at contributing to a better understanding of the interplay between how research is valued and how young researchers learn to live, work and produce knowledge within academia. We thus analyze how PhD students and postdocs in the Austrian life sciences ascribe worth to people, objects and practices as they talk about their own present and future lives in research. We draw on literature from the field of valuation studies and its interest in how actors refer to different forms of valuation to account for their actions. We explore how young researchers are socialized into different valuation practices in different stages of their growing into science. Introducing the concept of “regimes of valuation” we show that PhD students relate to a wider evaluative repertoire while postdocs base their decisions on one dominant regime of valuing research. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of these findings for the epistemic and social development of the life sciences, and for other scientific fields. 相似文献
2.
Lucia Kohlhauf Ulrike Rutke Birgit Neuhaus 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2011,20(5):667-678
Many epoch-making biological discoveries (e.g. Darwinian Theory) were based upon observations. Nevertheless, observation is
often regarded as ‘just looking’ rather than a basic scientific skill. As observation is one of the main research methods
in biological sciences, it must be considered as an independent research method and systematic practice of this method is
necessary. Because observation skills form the basis of further scientific methods (e.g. experiments or comparisons) and children
from the age of 4 years are able to independently generate questions and hypotheses, it seems possible to foster observation
competency at a preschool level. To be able to provide development-adequate individual fostering of this competency, it is
first necessary to assess each child’s competency. Therefore, drawing on the recent literature, we developed in this study
a competency model that was empirically evaluated within learners (N = 110) from different age groups, from kindergarten to university. In addition, we collected data on language skills, domain-specific
interest and previous knowledge to analyse coherence between these skills and observation competency. The study showed as
expected that previous knowledge had a high impact on observation competency, whereas the influence of domain-specific interest
was nonexistent. Language skills were shown to have a weak influence. By utilising the empirically validated model consisting
of three dimensions (‘Describing’, ‘Scientific reasoning’ and ‘Interpreting’) and three skill levels, it was possible to assess
each child’s competency level and to develop and evaluate guided play activities to individually foster a child’s observation
competency. 相似文献
3.
Preschool children (3–4 years old) were trained to perform two actions to gain different outcomes, in the form of video clips
from different cartoons, before one of these outcomes was devalued by noncontingent exposure. The effect of outcome devaluation
was subsequently assessed in an extinction test by giving children the opportunity to perform both actions in the absence
of any outcomes. When the two actions were trained concurrently, performance during the test was modulated by outcome value
and children showed a preference for the action trained with the currently valued outcome. By contrast, when each action was
trained separately on different trials, test performance was insensitive to outcome devaluation. These effects of the training
schedules are interpreted in terms of dual-process theories of action control. 相似文献
4.
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6.
The term absorptive capacity (AC) describes the process of utilising external knowledge. Although firms are becoming increasingly reliant on highly skilled freelancers as a source of external knowledge, the literature on AC has not incorporated this collaboration for freelancers. In this paper, we address this research deficit in two ways: First, we argue that the ability to collaborate effectively and efficiently with freelancers plays a crucial role in the process of absorbing external knowledge. Second, we argue that the example of freelancers challenges researchers to rethink the conceptualisation of organisational boundaries within the concept of AC. Our paper is based upon previous theoretical insights and exploratory empirical data from a research project on German IT freelancers. For the practice of knowledge management, our paper elaborates upon how organisations can enhance their AC by investing in practices and routines that contribute to successful collaboration with freelancers. 相似文献
7.
In this paper we present a new fabrication method that combines for the first time popular SU-8 technology and PerMX dry-photoresist lamination for the manufacturing of high aspect ratio three-dimensional multi-level microfluidic networks. The potential of this approach, which further benefits from wafer-level manufacturing and accurate alignment of fluidic levels, is demonstrated by a highly integrated three-level microfluidic chip. The hereby achieved network complexity, including 24 fluidic vias and 16 crossing points of three individual microchannels on less than 13 mm(2) chip area, is unique for SU-8 based fluidic networks. We further report on excellent process compatibility between SU-8 and PerMX dry-photoresist which results in high interlayer adhesion strength. The tight pressure sealing of a fluidic channel (0.5 MPa for 1 h) is demonstrated for 150 μm narrow SU-8/PerMX bonding interfaces. 相似文献
8.
Martin-Peter Büch Heiner Schumann Georg Anders Dietrich Hartmann 《Sportwissenschaft》2011,41(4):350-351
BISp-Informationen
BISp Informationen 相似文献9.
Martin-Peter Büch Heiner Schumann Georg Anders Dietrich Hartmann 《Sportwissenschaft》2011,41(3):255-256
BISp-Informationen
Informationen des Bundesinstituts für Sportwissenschaft (BISp) 相似文献10.
Tanja Link Eva Johanna Schwarz Stefan Huber Dr. Ursula Fischer Prof. Dr. Hans-Christoph Nuerk Prof. Dr. Ulrike Cress Prof. Dr. Korbinian Moeller 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2014,17(2):257-277
Basic numerical representations are seen as the building block for the successful development of more complex numerical and arithmetic competencies. Extending previous studies focusing on improving basic numerical representations by means of embodied training schemes, the current study focused on an embodied training of children’s place-value understanding. In this vein, 49 secondgraders were trained on solving a number line estimation task by stepping on different fields of a dance mat allowing for separate estimations of tens and units with more effort needed to step on the tens. In a partially randomized cross-over design, two control conditions were used to controll for training effects caused exclusively by the numerical content trained or the use of the dance mat. Interestingly, results revealed specific training effects after both the embodied and the control conditions. However, training effects were significantly more pronounced after the embodied training, thereby providing further evidence for the benefit of an embodied training of the place-value structure of the Arabic number system. 相似文献