“引进来”与“走出去”的交互创新溢出研究

以“引进来”与“走出去”的双向共生视角,采用面板回归方法系统研究中国资本流动的交互创新溢出影响,结果发现：FDI对区域创新具有动态抑制性影响,而OFDI的创新溢出呈现出“U”型三重门槛特征,较高强度的OFDI才能促进区域创新提升;“引进来”与“走出去”存在显著的交互创新溢出,高强度的OFDI有助于扭转FDI创新溢出瓶颈,而适度的FDI 有利于撬动OFDI创新溢出最大化。进一步研究还发现,中国资本双向流动的交互创新溢出存在显著的空间异质性,高强度的OFDI有利于扭转东部地区FDI创新溢出瓶颈,但并未改变其他地区FDI的创新抑制影响;东部地区FDI能够正向调节OFDI创新溢出效应,而中西部地区过高强度的FDI会弱化甚至抑制OFDI创新溢出。因而要分层次科学协调“引进来”和“走出去”,系统激励资本流动的创新溢出红利。     

“互联网+”有助于加速区域创新效率收敛吗？

    基于中国2006—2015年的省际面板数据,利用趋同理论实证检验了“互联网+”对区域创新效率收敛的影响。研究发现：(1)全国及三大地区创新效率均存在着显著σ收敛、随机性收敛和β收敛的典型化事实;(2)“互联网+”已成为新时期推动中国区域创新效率收敛的“加速器”,考虑“互联网+”驱动后,创新效率较低地区赶上创新效率较高地区所需要的时间相对缩短了5年多,收敛速度相对提升了0.26个百分点;(3)若能充分注重“互联网+”与对外直接投资、外商直接投资和金融发展等因素综合效应的发挥,则可进一步强化“互联网+”驱动区域创新效率收敛的“加速器”效应;(4)“互联网+”对创新效率收敛的加速效果具有显著的空间异质性,特别是中、西部地区“互联网+”创新溢出红利的“后发优势”尤为值得关注。本文基于“互联网+”为重新审视如何缩小区域创新差距的现实难题提供了一个新的视角,相关结论能为新时代下我国深入推动“互联网+”与区域创新的深度融合提供一定的政策启示。     

环境规制影响清洁生产型产业技术的创新效率吗?

本文采用超越对数型随机前沿模型,就环境规制等因素对清洁生产型产业2004—2010年技术创新效率的影响进行了经验分析。研究结果显示,环境规制对清洁生产型产业技术创新效率有着显著的促进作用,但这种影响存在明显的行业异质性;二者之间呈现倒"U型"关系,说明环境规制对清洁生产型产业技术创新效率提升有"度"的限制。与整个工业相比,环境规制对清洁生产型产业技术创新效率的驱动效应更大。倒U型曲线具有更高的拐点,表明在不损害技术创新能力的前提下,政府对清洁生产型产业实施严厉的环境规制政策具有更广阔的空间。     

环境规制是否影响了中国工业R&D创新效率

采用超越对数型随机前沿模型,在考虑企业规模、所有制结构等因素的情况下,实证分析了2004-2010年间环境规制强度对中国工业行业R&D创新效率的影响及其行业差异。研究结果显示,我国工业行业R&D创新效率存在显著的行业异质性;虽然,环境规制强度在一定程度上促进了工业行业R&D创新效率提升,但环境规制强度与R&D创新效率呈现倒"U"型关系,即环境规制强度对工业行业R&D创新效率提升有"度"的限制,当环境规制强度超过一定水平时,反而不利于工业行业R&D创新效率提升;环境规制强度对工业行业R&D创新效率的影响存在显著的行业差异性,在技术密集度较高,环境污染程度较小和R&D强度较高的行业中,环境规制对R&D创新效率促进作用会更加显著。     

数字金融何以能诱发区域绿色创新？

如何加快推动区域绿色创新是直接关乎“双碳”目标能否如期实现的重大现实问题。数字金融为现代金融体系改革注入了新的活力,从而成为驱动区域绿色创新发展的重要力量。基于中国2011—2018年省级面板数据,采用中介效应、分位数等方法实证探讨了数字金融对区域绿色创新影响的内在机制。结果发现：（1）数字金融显著地促进了区域绿色创新,该结论在考虑稳健性和内生性检验后依然成立;（2）数字金融对区域绿色创新的直接冲击存在显著的异质性特征,即数字支持服务程度的赋能效应高于使用深度和覆盖广度,数字金融对东、中部地区绿色创新的激励效应强于西部地区;（3）数字金融不仅可直接驱动区域绿色创新,还能通过加速产业升级、提高居民收入和降低环境污染等方式间接对区域绿色创新产生积极影响,但现阶段数字金融的直接赋能仍扮演着更为重要的角色;（4）数字金融对区域绿色创新的赋能效应存在“结构突变”特征,随着区域绿色创新水平的不断提高,数字金融对其的促进作用会逐步降低。     

数字化工作流程应用模式分析

推行数字化工作流程的意义 当前,印刷技术的发展日新月异,数字技术的广泛应用,使我们在充分领略世界最新印刷技术的同时,更应对印刷技术的发展趋势和机遇有一个清晰的认识和体察。因此,作为印刷业内人士,我们应考虑如何结合本单位的实际情况进行设备改造和技术升级,一步一步向先进水平靠拢,在市场竞争中不断提高和发展自己。     

CTP技术在特种印刷中的应用

国内特种印刷行业中印前系统大多依然采用传统激光照排系统．原因是特种印刷需要制作许多防伪底纹,激光照排机的输出分辨力能够达到4000dpi以上,而过去光敏CTP的输出分辨力在2500dpi．不能达到特种印刷的制版要求。其次是多数特种印刷客户提供的是胶片．因此印前制作依然需要保持胶片制版的工艺。     

中国OFDI逆向绿色创新的异质动态效应研究

How to promote green technology innovation has attracted the attention of governments and academia at present. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that, we should accelerate green development and promote enterprises to carry out green technology innovation. Some scholars have begun to explore how to speed up green technology innovation from different dimensions, such as environmental regulation and government support, including OFDI as one important channel of international technology spillover. Under one belt and one road construction, the strategy of "going out" are being pushed forward. China has become the second largest OFDI country in the world, and it has profound impact on both the world′s economic development and itself. It is particularly noteworthy that the adverse effects of rapidly growing OFDI on domestic green technology innovation cannot be ignored. Unfortunately, the research on the relationship between OFDI and green technology innovation in China is just in beginning, and there is still a lot of controversy, especially the lack of heterogeneous dynamic response based on the nonlinear perspective to explore the impact of OFDI on the efficiency of domestic green innovation. As well, does the rapid increase of OFDI reverse promote the efficiency of green innovation in China, and what is the effect? If there is a positive impact, how can it be strengthened? What are the dynamic evolution characteristics and internal constraint mechanism of OFDI′s reverse green innovation effect? We need objective answer to the above questions with great significance to China′s strategic coordination of opening up and green development.   Literature analysis shows that, there is no consensus on whether OFDI reversely promotes green innovation in home country, and further research is necessary. In particular, there are still some shortcomings. Firstly, most scholars mainly study the relationship between OFDI and home country green innovation from a linear perspective, but pay less attention to the nonlinear dynamic effect of OFDI reverse green innovation. Secondly, the existing research on how to effectively release the regulatory factors of OFDI reverse green innovation spillover is very limited, especially the lack of heterogeneous dynamic constraint mechanism of OFDI reverse green innovation spillover in China. The main innovation of this paper is that, from the perspective of heterogeneous nonlinear dynamics, it provides a new perspective for a deep understanding of the internal evolution mechanism of China′s OFDI reverse green innovation spillover, and also provides some policy implications for China to correctly the dynamic relationship between OFDI and domestic green innovation in China new era.   Based on Chinese 2004-2017 inter-provincial panel data, and using the threshold regression technology, this paper empirically examines the heterogeneous dynamic effects of OFDI′s reverse green innovation and its regulatory mechanism. The study results shows that: OFDI has significantly promoted domestic green innovation efficiency, and the reverse green innovation spillover of OFDI in the eastern and central regions is significantly stronger than the western region; OFDI′s reverse green innovation spillover shows dynamic evolution process from weak to strong, but only appears in the western region, and the central and eastern regions show positive "U"-shaped nonlinear characteristic; OFDI′s reverse green innovation spillover has heterogeneous dynamic strengthening mechanism. Under the constraints of industrial upgrading, urbanization, financial development, and intellectual property rights protection, there is positive and increasing marginal efficiency evolution process. Both IPR protection and trade opening are regulated with inverted "U"-shaped dynamic characteristics. At this stage, only by continuously accelerating industrial upgrading and urbanization, continuously strengthening financial support and intellectual property protection, while maintaining moderate level of trade opening and government science and technology funding, OFDI′s green innovation spillover could be released in maximum.   The conclusions of this paper reveal the following policy implications: firstly, under one belt and one road construction, as well as opening up policy will continue to enhance the OFDI scale to promote green innovation development in the opposite direction. OFDI has become the main driving force for the development of green innovation in China. At the same time, we should implement more targeted regional policy on the relationship between OFDI and green innovation, especially focus on releasing the spillover bonus of OFDI reverse green innovation in the East and central region, while the west region should pay more attention on its own absorption capacity building. Secondly, China′s OFDI reverse green innovation spillover has dynamic evolution characteristics of positive and increasing marginal efficiency, but functions in different regions. We should pay attention on the heterogeneous dynamic characteristics. The effect of OFDI reverse green innovation spillover in the eastern and central region is quite significant, there is still a large space for improvement in the positive impact. Although the negative green innovation effect of OFDI in the western region has the nonlinear characteristics of positive and increasing marginal efficiency, the positive effect is relatively limited at this stage. In the future, we should implement differentiated and dynamic OFDI and green innovation policies to avoid the loss of OFDI′s reverse green effect caused by homogenization and static policies. Thirdly, we should continue to improve the spillover effect of OFDI′s reverse green innovation by accelerating the process of industrial upgrading and urbanization, strengthening financial support, government funding for science and technology, intellectual property protection, and promoting trade opening in long term, we should also make trade openness and government funding for science and technology at a moderate level. In addition, the dynamic strengthening effect of above factors on OFDI′s reverse green innovation spillover should not be ignored. In additional to government funding and trade openness, other factors on OFDI reverse green innovation spillover are not effective. Therefore, in order to adjust the relationship between OFDI and green innovation scientifically in China new era, we should pay more attention to the integration of OFDI and the above factors, to release the reverse green innovation spillover bonus of OFDI in maximum.     

“双碳”挤压、经济增长与创新驱动

“双碳”目标为新时代高质量发展注入绿色基因,科学降碳至关重要。文章基于理论模型阐释经济增长与碳排放之间的原生演化关系,以“波特假说”剖析降碳减排对创新驱动经济增长的双向影响机制。实证研究发现：随着经济产出规模扩张,单位碳排放的经济贡献有所提升,而产业结构在低阶水平时,需要一定碳排放容忍度才能驱动结构升级。同时,CO₂排放强度对创新驱动经济增长的调节效应具有较为复杂的动态演化规律,适度降碳约束能够撬动技术创新的最佳外延驱动力,而碳排放强度对创新驱动产业结构升级的调节影响存在边际递减特征。此外,CO₂排放强度的调节效应具有时空异质性,创新驱动力最佳的门槛阈值在经济产出维度呈现出东高西低的顺势传导轨迹,而低强度CO₂排放约束普遍更有利于创新驱动和产业升级。由此,“双碳”推行要科学研判、循序渐进,在降碳挤压、经济增长与创新驱动之间,寻求多维平衡和动态优化的实施策略。     

中国“互联网+”水平时空分异及收敛机制

“互联网+”发展直接关乎新时代下中国经济转型升级的成效,科学理解“互联网+”综合水平的时空分异及演进机制具有重要意义。基于2006—2017年中国省际面板数据,运用全局主成分分析法构建“互联网+”综合水平指数,采用Dagum基尼系数对“互联网+”综合水平的空间差异及来源进行测度,并对其演进趋势进行检验。结果表明：全国及三大地区“互联网+”综合水平均呈现逐年的稳步上升态势,且具有典型的“东高西低、两极分化”的空间非均衡特征;“互联网+”综合水平的总体空间差异主要来源于地区间差距,地区内差距的作用次之,而不同地区间交叉重叠的影响极小;解决东部与西部、东部与中部地区“互联网+”综合水平的地区间差距是当前我国“互联网+”发展的重中之重;全国及三大地区“互联网+”综合水平并没有呈现显著的绝对β收敛,条件β收敛也仅出现在全国层面和东部地区,这预示着缩小“互联网+”的空间差距单纯依靠市场的自我调节机制是不可行的,尤为需要国家的宏观调控。研究框架和结果为更加精确和理性地解决“互联网+”差距问题、统筹实施“互联网+”战略和网络强国战略提供借鉴参考。