Building a metacognitive model of reflection

An increased value is being placed on quality teaching in higher education. An important step in developing approaches to better instruction is understanding how those who are successful go about improving their teaching. Thus, several years ago we undertook a program of research in which the concept of reflection provided the frame of reference. We envisaged reflection as a process of formative evaluation, and also saw links between reflection and metacognition. What we have documented and analyzed in detail are the reflective processes of six university professors in their day-to-day planning, instructing and evaluating of learners. The result is a metacognitive model and coding scheme that operationalize the process of reflection. Both provide a language for describing reflection and therefore a way to think about how to improve teaching. In this paper, we describe the research and the model and the contributions they make to our understanding of teacher thinking in higher education.     

道德对大学生违法犯罪的预防与抑制作用研究

在预防与抑制大学生违法犯罪的过程中,道德具有十分重要的作用。良好的社会公德意识是预防和抑制大学生违法犯罪的基础保证,中华民族优良道德传统资源具有不可或缺的珍贵价值。特别注重整体利益,强调对社会的责任意识;推崇“仁爱”原则,追求人际和谐;讲求谦敬礼让,强调克骄防矜;重视道德践履,强调修养的重要性等,这些都对预防、减少和抑制大学生违法犯罪有着重要的理论价值和现实意义。     

Evaluating teaching effectiveness and teaching improvement: A language for institutional policies and academic development practices

Demands for institutional accountability in higher education have been increasing and have led to greater attention to the evaluation of teaching, the assumption being that improved teaching will result in enhanced learning. In our work as academic developers, we are increasingly helping academic managers make explicit teaching policies and practices that seem fair and equitable. To help us in this work, we have developed a framework for evaluating the practice of teaching. What is unique about this framework is the language it provides to differentiate aspects of teaching. For instance, it provides a basis for differentiating and linking criteria to standards, i.e. the level of achievement desired or expected. Standards are critical if the evaluation of teaching is to be seen as fair and equitable, yet they are often unexamined in other representations of the evaluation of teaching. Although the original intent of our efforts was to provide a framework for academic managers, we have come to find it useful in our own work as university teachers and as academic developers. Examples of all three uses are provided in the paper.     

论巴黎公社波希米亚革命的诗性内涵

巴黎公社革命是一个久远的话题,然而从波希米亚文化视角进入,它能重新浮出历史地表,使人们对文人与政治关系做出新的层面省思,成为深远的美学纪念碑.即巴黎公社革命有着浓郁的波希米亚文人气质,这种放浪不羁的文人压活渗透和掺和在政治革命历史场景当中,演绎一出文人知识分子与政治盘根错节的舞台大戏,为人们提供了一个文人政治激进化的内部文本.     

Collaborative learning online

The decision to offer a course by online delivery involves a range of issues relating to teaching/learning methodology, instructional design, and delivery software. This article describes the development of a Masters course that uses collaborative learning as the teaching/ learning method. The theoretical basis for collaborative learning is explained and related to instructional design for online delivery. Evaluation data from the first three subjects are included. These are based on questionnaires and content analysis of computer conferences. Evaluation data reveal issues that are important to successful outcomes using this way of teaching.     

‘Untold’ doctoral stories: can we move beyond cultural narratives of neglect?

This article examines the stories of 24 social sciences doctoral students in three universities, one in Canada and two in the UK, who experienced challenging roads to completion. While their stories confirm earlier findings, they also provide insight into how students' agency and personal networks of relationships may be critical, both as resources and constraints. We argue that these ‘untold stories’ of student agency coupled with supervisor narratives of students ‘not measuring up’ can contribute to a culture of institutional neglect. Pedagogies emphasizing an ethic of care and relational rather than regulatory practices are essential if these conditions are to change.     

Reflection: issues related to improving professors' teaching and students' learning

We describe here the outcomes of our research on the reflection of six professors considered exemplary in their teaching. For instance, we found that they all held and used considerable knowledge about learners, as groups and as individuals, and used this knowledge in reflecting on the impact of their teaching. We use this information to elaborate on the role of reflection in the construction of teaching knowledge. Lastly, we address how the model of reflection we developed helps us understand the factors influencing one's ability to effectively reflect on teaching.     

我国体育自助旅游的业态现状与发展对策研究

体育自助游具有旅游和体育运动的双重性质,其前卫、时尚、自由、平等的组织方式和张扬个性、亲近自然、放松身心的理念越来越受到民众的喜爱,在中青年群体中尤为如此.近年来体育自助游在我国发展势头强劲,对我国体育自助游的相关特征、业态现状及存在问题进行了分析,并进一步提出了促进我国自助游活动健康发展的对策措施.