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Jas. Dunlop 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1862,74(3):198-208
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Judith Bennett Lynda Dunlop Kerry J. Knox Michael J. Reiss Rebecca Torrance Jenkins 《International Journal of Science Education》2018,40(14):1755-1773
Practical independent research projects (IRPs) are a feature of school science in a number of countries. To assess the impact of IRPs on students, a systematic review of the literature was undertaken. Thirty-nine papers met the review inclusion criteria, reporting on work from twelve countries. The review indicates that IRPs are often associated with wider initiatives such as authentic science, problem-based learning, and project-based learning. There is considerable variability in the nature of IRP work in relation to focus, models of provision, assessment, the involvement of external partners such as universities and employers, and funding, and this diversity affects judgements on the quality of the evidence base on impact. The majority of the research reviewed explored areas such as conceptual understanding, motivation to study science once it is no longer compulsory and attitudes to science, and the development of practical skills. Benefits were identified in relation to the learning of science ideas, affective responses to science, views of pursuing careers involving science, and development of a range of skills. Studies focusing on traditionally under-represented groups indicated that such students felt more positive about science as a result of undertaking IRPs. The review findings indicate that further work is needed to enhance the quality of the available evidence, to consider the ways in which IRPs can be validly assessed, to explore more fully the potential benefits for traditionally under-represented groups, and to explore more fully the potential longer-term benefits of participation in IRPs at high school level. 相似文献
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Vivienne Dunlop 《Learned Publishing》1999,12(4):245-250
UK Copyright law (CAPD 1988) defines the requirements for qualification for copyright protection in the UK and for many of the permitted acts. A defence against infringement of copyright is provided for under the terms of fair dealing for the purposes of criticism and review, but use of this defence must be assessed on the nature and extent of the use of copyright material in each case. Industry practice and guidelines exist for use of some text material, but not for the fair dealing use of other copyright material such as images and artwork, the inclusion of which was a major change in the CAPD 1988 act from earlier UK copyright acts. 相似文献
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